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自学考试英语(二)常考单词解析三

来源 :中华考试网 2019-09-17

  1、loyalty n.the quality of being faithful in your support of somebody/something忠诚;忠实;忠心耿耿

  eg:We all have a loyalty to the company.我们对公司都有效忠的义务。

  衍生

  loyal adj.true and faithful忠诚的;忠贞的

  用法:~to sb./sth.

  eg:remain loyal to one's principles信守自己的原则

  2、befriend v.to become a friend of somebody,especially somebody who needs your help做朋友;友善相待

  eg:They befriended the young girl,providing her with food and shelter.他们热心地照顾这个年轻的姑娘,给她吃的﹑给她住处。

  构词be-改变词性的前缀

  加在名词或形容词前,构成及物动词

  friend n.朋友→befriend v.友好对待

  calm n.镇静→becalm v.使镇静

  head n.头→behead v.砍头

  little adj.小的→belittle v.轻视;贬低

  3、notoriety n.fame for being bad in some way恶名;坏名声

  eg:His crimes earned him considerable notoriety.他因犯罪而声名狼藉。

  衍生

  notorious adj.(derog.贬)well-known for some bad quality,deed,etc.臭名昭着的;声名狼藉的

  用法:~for/as sth.

  eg:a notorious criminal/area天怒人怨的罪犯/地区

  She's notorious for her wild behaviour.她因行为野蛮而知名。

  相近词

  4、fame n.being known or talked about by many people名声;名气

  eg:The young musician rose quickly to fame.那个年轻的音乐家很快就出了名。

  famous adj.known to very many people;celebrated出名的;著名的

  eg:New York is famous for its skyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼驰名。

  well-known adj.known by a lot of people著名的

  eg:Paris is well-known for its rich culture.巴黎以其丰富的文化而著名。

  5、exploit v.to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself利用(……为自己谋利)

  eg:They exploited her generosity shamelessly.他们无耻地利用了她的慷慨。

  其他词义

  use,work or develop fully(esp.mines and other natural resources)利用或开发(尤指矿藏和其他自然资源)

  eg:exploit oil reserves,water power,solar energy,etc.开发石油资源、开发水利资源、利用太阳能等

  衍生

  exploitable adj.that can be exploited可利用的;可开发的

  eg:few exploitable coal-mines少量可开采的煤矿

  exploitation n.exploiting or being exploited利用;开发

  eg:full exploitation of oil wells充分利用油井资源

  6、generation n.all the people who were born at about the same time(统称)一代人,同代人,同辈人

  eg:experience handed down from generation to generation世代相传的经验

  其他词义产生;发生

  eg:the generation of electricity by steam or water-power蒸汽或水力发电

  衍生

  generate v.cause(sth.)to exist or occur;produce使(某物)存在或发生;产生

  eg:generate heat,electricity,power,etc.产生热﹑电﹑动力等

  hatred generated by racial prejudice种族偏见引起的仇恨

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