二、阅读理解(11-30)

　　Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated( 自动化的) production systems requiring a least possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks.

　　On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid, though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing ( 交换) system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.

　　When a form introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers) while other staff are w-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. After the new system has settled down, people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the frim, resulting from the introduction of computers.

　　The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.

　　On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable.They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1954, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long ran.

　　11.The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from

　　A.the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction

　　B.their use as part of automated production systems

　　C.the least possible number of operators

　　D.the production system in steelworks

　　答案：A

　　12.The underlined word "They"(Line 1, Para.2) refers to __________.

　　A.computers

　　B.jobs

　　C.activities

　　D.systems

　　答案：B

　　13.According to Paragraph 2, without computers __________.

　　A.human activities could not continue

　　B.there could not be weather forecasting systems

　　C.many activities would have to change their present form

　　D.banks would not be able to go on with check clearing

　　答案：C

　　14.According to the passage, what results from the introduction of computers?

　　A.After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.

　　B.A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts,

　　C.The firrn keeps all of its original staff members.

　　D.The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities.

　　答案：D

　　15.James Callaghan's attitude towards computers can be best described as __________.

　　A.doubtful

　　B.regretful

　　C.unfriendly

　　D.supportive

　　答案：D

　　Some psychologists(心理专家) maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performedin the brain alone, but that one' s muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with ourmuscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.

　　You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears butwith your whole body. Few people can listen to music without moving their body or, more specifically,some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is attracted todirect the orchestra (乐队) even though he knows there is a good conductor on the job.Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all pos-sible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener"feels" himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body. The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same

　　way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable.

　　16.Some psychologists think that thinking is__________

　　A.not a mental process

　　B.more of a physical process than a mental action

　　C.a process that involves our entire bodies

　　D.a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

　　答案：D

　　17.The process of thinking and that of listening to music are similar in that__________

　　A.both are mental acts

　　B.muscles participate in both processes

　　C.both processes are performed by the entire body

　　D.we derive equal enjoyment from them

　　答案：B

　　18.Few people are able to listen to familiar music without__________

　　A.moving some part of their body

　　B.stopping what they are doing to listen

　　C.directing the orchestra playing it

　　D.wishing that they could conduct music properly

　　答案：A

　　19.The listener' s way of "feeling" the music is__________

　　A.the unnoticed motion of his muscles

　　B."participating" in the performance

　　C.bending an ear to the music

　　D.being the conductor of the orchestra

　　答案：B

　　20.According to the passage, muscle participation in the process of thinking is__________

　　A.Deliberate

　　B.Apparent

　　C.indistinct

　　D.impressive

　　答案：C