2018年上半年成人学位英语考前模拟试题及答案（6）

　　Part One: Reading Comprehension (40%)

　　Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet by blackening the letter.

　　Passage 1

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

　　More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third-floor window. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.

　　每年有超过三万的司机和前排乘客身亡或者严重受伤。以每小时30英里的速度驾驭就像从三楼的窗户掉下来一样危险。系上安全带就能拯救生命，这样可以使我们死亡和严重受伤的机率减少一半以上。

　　Therefore drivers or front passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not sit in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.

　　因此，司机以及年满14周岁的前排乘客必须系安全带，否则，将被处以50美元的罚款。是否扣安全带不由司机决定。但是司机有职责确保14周岁以下的孩子除非扣上安全带，否则不能坐在前排。

　　However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.

　　不过，如果您在倒车;或者使用专门车辆进行本地快递;或者您的有效医疗证明表明你不用系安全带，你可以不使用安全带。只有当您符合这些条件，您才可以不系安全带。请记住，如果您不系安全带，很有可能被告上法庭，并且如果您不能向法庭提供你可以不用系安全带的证明，你将被处以罚款。

　　1. This passage is most probably taken from D .

　　A. a medical magazine

　　B. a legal document

　　C. the Federal Laws

　　D. a police report

　　2. Wearing a seat belt in a vehicle D .

　　A. reduces road accidents by more than half

　　B. saves lives while driving at a speed up to 30 miles per hour

　　C. saves more than 15,000 lives each year

　　D. reduces the death rate in traffic accidents

　　3. It is the driver’s responsibility to A .

　　A. make the front seat children under 14 wear a seat belt

　　B. make the front seat passenger wear a seat belt

　　C. stop children sitting in the front seat

　　D. wear a seat belt each time he drives

　　4. According to the passage, who, riding in the front, does not have to wear a seat belt? D

　　A. Someone who is under 14.

　　B. Someone who is asking for a local delivery.

　　C. Someone who is picking up the children from the local school.

　　D. Someone who is backing into a parking space.

　　5. For some people, it may be better C .

　　A. to wear a seat belt for health reasons

　　B. to pay a fine rather than wear a seat belt

　　C. not to wear a seat belt for health reasons

　　D. to get a valid medical certificate before wearing a seat belt

　　Passage 2

　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

　　Private does not mean better. But it does mean expensive. Public schools in the U. S. are paid for by money from everyone; private schools are not. Parents who send their children to private schools must pay to do so.

　　私立学校并不意味着质量更好，但却一定很贵。美国公立学校的费用是由全民支付的;而私立学校却不是。送孩子去私立学校的家长必须要付学费。

　　Parents may have enough money to pay for private schools. But these schools do not have to accept their children. Most private schools accept only children who are already doing well in school and are able to work quietly.

　　家长们可能足够的钱来交付私校的学费。但是这些私校却不一定录取他们的孩子。大多数的私校只接收那些在校表现优秀，能够自觉学习的学生。

　　Some take only boys or only girls. Classes are often quieter and less crowded than classes in public schools. This gives children a chance to learn more of what their teachers are trying to teach them.

　　有的私校只接收男生或者女生。私校的班级较公校而言，更安静，没有那么多学生。这能让孩子们有机会学到更多老师想要教授给他们的知识。

　　Public schools do not teach religion. So some parents choose private religious schools for their children. These schools belong to a church. They give lessons about that religion. They give lessons in all the usual school subjects as well.

　　公校不涉及宗教。所以有的家长为孩子们选择私立的宗教学校。这些私校归属于教堂。他们开设宗教课程。同时他们也开设普通学校的所有课程。

　　Children at many private schools wear special school uniforms, all exactly the same. At public schools, students wear what they want to. They often dress in bright colors and tennis shoes. They sometimes invent new and wonderful fashions.

　　很多私校的学生穿特定的校服，这些校服都一样。公校的学生可以随意着装。通常他们会选择色彩明亮的衣服和网球鞋。有的时候他们也开创新时尚。

　　Only about 17 percent of Americans are sent to private schools. Most Americans really believe in public education. They want their children to go to schools that are free and are open to all. They want their children to make friends with everyone --- children of all races, from all kinds of families, with different talents, and different interests.

　　美国只有17%的学生上私校。大多数的美国人还是对公校有信心。他们希望他们的孩子上自由开放的学校，让孩子与所有人交朋友——不论种族，不论家庭背景，不论兴趣和特长。

　　6. According to the passage, private schools in the U. S. are D .

　　A. paid for by money from everyone

　　B. more expensive but better than public schools

　　C. paid for by the U. S. government

　　D. not necessarily better than public schools

　　7. Which of the following statements is true? D

　　A. Private schools are willing to enroll any rich students.

　　B. Only boys or girls can be accepted by private schools.

　　C. Only poor students are accepted by private schools.

　　D. Students in private schools learn in a quiet environment.

　　8. Sometimes students will take religious schools because C .

　　A. their parents like religious schools

　　B. each religious school belongs to a church

　　C. there is no subject about religion in public schools

　　D. they offer lessons in all the usual schools as well.

　　9. A student at private school will wear C .

　　A. new and fashionable clothes

　　B. whatever they like

　　C. special school uniforms

　　D. clothes in bright colors

　　10. The last paragraph indicates that A .

　　A. most American students will develop freely

　　B. most American students can not afford private schools

　　C. very few American believe in private education

　　D. most American believe in private education

　　Passage 3

　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

　　Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution (进化) of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.

　　有些动植物形成了一些让它们较之同类更能适应环境的特点。这种自然的生态过程被称为适应。通过适应所形成的高级特征包括更有效地获取食物和住所，进行自我保护，以及繁殖保护后代。这些特点使越来越多的有机体进化成更适应它们的生存环境。

　　Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun’s energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.

　　大体上，每一种生物都有适应环境的生存方式，但是它们都各自的特殊的方式。例如，植物依赖根部稳固地扎在地里，并靠根吸取水份和无机化学物。植物靠绿叶吸收太阳的能量将无机化学物转换成食物。这些都是普通的适应，适用于大多数的植物。此外，还有一些特殊适应性只有少数几种植物拥有。

　　Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.

　　很多动物的适应性能帮助它们逃离敌人。一些昆虫靠它们的体色和形态来隐藏自己，很多昆虫看起来就像一片树叶或者一根树枝。鹿的有色外衣帮助它们与背景融为一体。很多动物能在敌人靠近的时候保持一动不动。

　　Organisms have a great variety of ways of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young, and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.

　　有机物的适应方式各不相同。在他们进化，繁殖后代的过程中，它们能够使自己的结构，功能和遗传基因适应环境。如同恒温哺乳动物能在气温变化下保持理想的温度，有机体能够创造自己的生存环境。通常适应是一种优势。但有的时候一些有机体太过于适应特定的生存环境，以至于环境改变的时候很难或者没办法重新适应新的环境。

　　11. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may C .

　　A. help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things needed.

　　B. survive even in extremely severe conditions

　　C. become better adapted to the environments than others of their kind.

　　D. result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms.

　　12. In the first paragraph, the word “environments” could best be replaced by B .

　　A. contexts B. surroundings C. neighbors D. enemies

　　13. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored D .

　　A. to frightened its enemies.

　　B. to attract its enemies

　　C. to adjust its body heat

　　D. to match its environment

　　14. Which of the following is not directly mentioned? D

　　A. A living thing may adapt in its structure.

　　B. An organism may adapt in its function.

　　C. A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.

　　D. A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.

　　15. The author cites(引用) the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following? A

　　A. A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own.

　　B. A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.

　　C. A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals.

　　D. A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.