2018年成人学位英语考试模拟试题及答案（5）

　　go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.

　　Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma(昏迷)from diabetes(糖尿病)? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?

　　Is the smoke coming into the room a leak in the air conditioning? Is it "steam pipes"? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a read emergency.

　　Second, and more important, the person face with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won't get help he needs.

　　The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be "tested." Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the "tests." Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of his had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.

　　Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out f ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.

　　In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.

　　Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.

　　24.The purpose of this passage is __________.

　　A. to explain why people fail to act in emergencies

　　B. to explain when people will act in emergencies

　　C. to explain what people will do in emergencies

　　D. to explain how people feel in emergencies

　　25.Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. When a person to help other, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.

　　B. When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help.

　　C. A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.

　　D. A person with a heart attack needs the most.

　　26.The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when ___________.

　　A. they are in pairs B. they are in groups

　　C. they are alone D. they are with their friends

　　44. The main reason why people fail to act when they together is that __________.

　　A. they are afraid of emergencies

　　B. they are reluctant to get themselves involved

　　C. others will act if they themselves hesitate

　　D. they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help

　　45. The author suggests that __________.

　　A. we shouldn’t blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies

　　B. a person must feel guilty if he fails to help

　　C. people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies

　　D. when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway.

　　Passage 2

　　People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.

　　First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually dose. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.

　　Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.

　　Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.

　　Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖) between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.

　　Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.

　　46. What is the best title for this passage?

　　A. Six Stages for Repairing Sam’s Bicycle

　　B. Possible Ways to Problem-solving

　　C. Necessities of Problem Analysis

　　D. suggestions for Analyzing a Problem

　　47. In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except ________.

　　A. recognize and define the problem

　　B. look for information to make the problem clearer

　　C. have suggestions for a possible solution

　　D. find a solution by trial or mistake

　　48. By referring to Sam’s broken bicycle, the author intends to____________

　　A. illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle

　　B. discuss the problems of his bicycle

　　C. tell us how to solve a problem

　　D. show us how to analyses a problem

　　49. Which of the following is NOT true ?

　　A. People do not analyze the problem they meet

　　B. People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people

　　C. People may learn form their past experience.

　　D. People can not solve some problems they meet.

　　50. As used in the last sentence, the phrase “ in short” means________

　　A. in the long run

　　B. in detail

　　C. in a word

　　D. in the end