Passage 3

　　According to psychologists (心理学家), an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a person’s thoughts.

　　Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.

　　Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair sadness, and disgust. In growing—up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.

　　Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.

　　Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.

　　51. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something _________.

　　A. one thinks bad or good

　　B. one feels in danger

　　C. one faces in the outside world

　　D. one tries to escape from real life

　　52. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. Children learn emotions as they grow up.

　　B. Babies are born with emotions.

　　C. Emotions fall into two types in general.

　　D. People can cope with the negative emotions in life.

　　53. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to __________.

　　A. explain why people have emotions

　　B. show how people avoid the negative emotions

　　C. explain what people should do before emotions

　　D. define and classify people’s emotions

　　54. We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if ________.

　　A. he can not think properly

　　B. he pay much attention to it

　　C. he is worried about failing

　　D. he is not full of energy

　　55. As used in the last sentence, the word “drains ” means __________.

　　A. stops B. ties C. weakens D. flows gradually

　　Passage 4

　　Faces, like fingerprints, are unique, Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pigeon can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.

　　We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.

　　Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a nice face looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a nice person, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm and forth.

　　There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon all ports, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.

　　People have always tried to type each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s (坏人) or the hero’s role. In fact, the words person and personality come from the Latin persona, meaning mask. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the good guys from the bad guys because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.

　　56. The main idea of this passage is ________.

　　A. how to distinguish people’s faces

　　B. how to describe people’s personality

　　C. how to distinguish people both inward and outward

　　D. how to differ good persons from bad persons

　　57. The author is most probably a __________.

　　A. behaviorist B. psychologist C. writer D. sociologist

　　58. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A. Different people may have different personalities.

　　B. People differ from each in appearance.

　　C. People can learn to recognize faces.

　　D. People can describe all the features of others.

　　59. We learn from the passage that people classify a person into certain type according to ________.

　　A. a person’s face is more complex than his personality

　　B. a person’s personality is easily distinguished

　　C. people’s personalities are very alike

　　D. many words are available when people try to describe one’s personality

　　60. We learn form the passage that people classify a person into certain type according to ________.

　　A. his way of acting and thinking

　　B. his way of speaking and behaving

　　C. his learning and behavior

　　D. his physical appearance and his personality