Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)

　　Directions : There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ,B , C and D. You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

　　Passage 1

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

　　Some psychologists(心理学家) maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed

　　in the brain alone, but that one' s muscles also participate. (76) It may be said that we think with

　　our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies.

　　You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears

　　but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is attracted to direct the orchestra (乐队) even though he knows there is a good conductor on the job.

　　Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener "feels" himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body.

　　( 77 ) The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same

　　way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable.

　　1. Some psychologists think that thinking is

　　A. not a mental process

　　B. more of a physical process than a mental action

　　C. a process that involves our entire bodies

　　D. a process that involves the muscles as well as the brain

　　2. The process of thinking and that of listening to music are similar in that

　　A. both are mental acts

　　B. muscles participate in both processes

　　C. both processes are performed by the entire body

　　D. we derive equal enjoyment from them

　　3. Few people are able to listen to familiar music without

　　A. moving some part of their body

　　B. stopping what they are doing to listen

　　C. directing the orchestra playing it

　　D. wishing that they could conduct music properly

　　4. The listener's way of "feeling" the music is

　　A. the unnoticed motion of his muscles

　　B. "participating" in the performance

　　C. bending an ear to the music

　　D. being the conductor of the orchestra

　　5. According to the passage, muscle participation in the process of thinking is

　　A. deliberate

　　B. Apparent

　　C. indistinct

　　D. impressive

　　Passage 2

　　Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

　　It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. (78) The meanings of. thousands of everyday perceptions , the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and

　　skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.

　　Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes

　　not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involving any change in

　　the way an animal typically behaves. (79)Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain be-

　　cause he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-

　　year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.

　　Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to

　　compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 " words" --ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.

　　The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.

　　A large part of a person' s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.

　　6. According to the passage, memory is considered to be

　　A. the basis for decision making and problem solving

　　B. an ability to store experiences for future use

　　C. an intelligence typically possessed by human beings

　　D. the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words

　　7. The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that

　　A. the computer' s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager' s

　　B. the computer' s memory capacity is much smaller that an adult human being' s

　　C. the computer' s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager' s

　　D. both A and B

　　8. The whole passage implies that

　　A. only human beings have problem-solving intelligence

　　B. a person' s memory is different from a computer' s in every respect

　　C. animals are able to solve only very simple problems

　　D. animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence

　　9. The phrase "in terms of" in the last sentence can best be replaced by

　　A. "in connection with"

　　B. "expressed by"

　　C. "consisting"

　　D. "by means of"

　　10. The topic of the passage is:

　　A. What would life be like without memory ?

　　B. Memory is of vital importance to life.

　　C. How is a person' s memory different from an animal' s or a computer' s?

　　D. What is contained in memory ?

　　Passage 3

　　Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

　　Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services. People use money to

　　buy food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of others they need or want. When they work,

　　they usually get paid in money.

　　Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. But people used to use all kinds of things

　　as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells.

　　Shells were not the only things used as money. In China, cloth and knives were used. In the

　　Philippine Islands, rice was used as money. In some parts of Africa, cattle were one of the earliest

　　kinds of money. Other animals were used as money, too.

　　The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. People strung them together and carried them from place to place.

　　Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. The first coins in

　　England were made of tin. Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money. Later, other

　　countries began to make coins of gold and silver.

　　But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the

　　Chinese thought of a way to improve money. They began to use paper money. (80) The first paper

　　money looked more like a note from one person to another than paper money used today.

　　Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today.

　　11. Which of the following can be cited as an example of the use of money in exchange for services?

　　A. To sell a bicycle for $20.

　　B. To get some money for old books at a garage sale.

　　C. To buy things you need or want.

　　D. To get paid for your work.

　　12. Where were shells used as money in history?

　　A. In the Philippines.

　　B. In China.

　　C. In Africa.

　　D. We don' t know.

　　13. Why, according to the passage, did ancient Chinese coins have a square hole in the center?

　　A. Because it would be easier to put them together and carry them around.

　　B. Because it would be lighter for people to carry them from place to place.

　　C. Because people wanted to make it look nicer.

　　D. Because people wanted to save the expensive metal they were made from.

　　14. Why does the author say that even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy some-

　　thing expensive?

　　A. Because they are easy to steal.

　　B. Because they are difficult for people to obtain.

　　C. Because they are not easy to carry around.

　　D. Because they themselves are expensive, too.

　　15. Which do you choose as the best title for this passage?

　　A. Money and Its Uses

　　B. Different Things Used as Money

　　C. Different Countries, Different Money

　　D. The History of Money