2018年学位英语考试完形填空试题及答案（14）

　　Reading involves looking atgraphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent.Concepts of reading have changed 36 over the centuries. During the 1950sespecially, increased attention has been devoted to 37 and describing the reading process. 38 specialists agree that reading 39 a complex organization ofhigher mental 40 , they disagree 41 the exact nature of the process. Some experts,who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 42 reading as simply the decoding of symbols tothe sounds they stand 43 .

　　These authorities 44 that meaning, being concerned with thinking,must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain thatreading is 45 relatedto thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 46 their meaning is not truly reading. Thereader, 47 to some, is not just a person with atheoretical ability to read but one who 48 reads.

　　Many adults, althoughthey have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 49 . Bysome experts they would not be 50 asreaders. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of readingwill depend on the definition one uses. By the most 51 and satisfactory definition, reading is theability to 52 the sound symbols' code of the language, tointerpret meaning for various 53 , at various rates, and at various levelsof difficulty, and to do 54 widelyand enthusiastically. 55 short,reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representingsounds and ideas.

　　36. A. substantively B. substantially C. substitutively D.subjectively

　　37. A. distributing B.promoting C. defining D. reporting

　　38. A. Although B.If C. Unless D. Until

　　39. A. involves B.takes C. reveals D. invites

　　40. A. opinions B.effects C. manners D. functions

　　41. A.of B. about C.for D. into

　　42. A.view B. look C. reassure D. agree

　　43. A.by B. to C. off D. for

　　44. A.content B. contend C. contempt D. contact

　　45. A. inexplicably B.inexpressibly C. inextricably D. inexpediently

　　46. A. interpreting B.telling C. explaining D. reading

　　47. A.like B. for C.according D. as

　　48. A.totally B. usually C. mainly D. actually

　　49. A. part B. entirety C.chapter D. section

　　50. A.claimed B. said C. classified D. graded

　　51. A.inclusive B. inclinable C. conclusive D. complicated

　　52. A.break B. elaborate C. define D. unlock

　　53. A.purposes B. degrees C. stages D. steps

　　54. A.such B. so as C. so D. such as

　　55. A.By B. In C. On D. To

　　答案解析：

　　36. B

　　词义辨析题。substantively意为“实质地”，substantially意为“充分地，很多地”，substitutively意为“可替代地”，subjectively意为“主观地”。本句意为“经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经________改变了”，选项B与最符合句意。

　　37. C

　　介词用法题。本句中的to是介词，应该接名词或动名词。结合其后“and describing the reading process”可知，应选C。

　　38. A

　　词义辨析题。两个分句的谓语分别是agree和disagree，由此可知，这两个分句应为转折关系，故选A。

　　39. A

　　词义辨析题。involve意为“卷入，包括”，take意为“拿走，获得”，reveal意为“显示，揭露”，invite意为“邀请”。结合句意“专家们认为阅读________更高的、更复杂的智力活动”，A项最合适。

　　40. D

　　词义辨析题。mental function意为“智力活动”，故选D。opinion意为“意见”，manner意为“行为”，effect意为“影响”，这三项与mental搭配均不符合句意，故排除。

　　41. B

　　惯用搭配题。disagree about/on意为“对……有不同意见”，故选B。

　　42. A

　　惯用搭配题。view...as是惯用搭配，意为“把……看做”，故选A。look是不及物动词，如要使用，应加上介词at。

　　43. D

　　惯用搭配题。stand by意为“支持”，stand to意为“遵守”，stand off意为“疏远”，stand for意为“代表”。结合句意可知，D项正确。

　　44. B

　　词义辨析题。content意为“内容”，contend意为“争论，主张”，contemp意为“轻视”，contact意为“接触”。结合句意可知，B项正确。

　　45. A

　　词义辨析题。inexplicably意为“无法解释地”，inexpressibly意为“说不来出地”，inextricably意为“解决不了地”，inexpediently意为“不明智地”。结合句意可知，A项正确。

　　46. A

　　词义辨析题。本句意为“一个孩子能读出声而不________所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读”，故选A，interpreting意为“了解，理解”。explain意为“解释”，真正的阅读并不需要去解释什么，而是要理解所读材料的意思。

　　47. C

　　词义辨析题。some在句中指代与authorities持不同观点的人，空格与后面的to some共同构成插入语，according to为固定搭配，该插入语意为“根据有些人的观点”，故选C。

　　48. D

　　词义辨析题。totally意为“完全地”，usually意为“通常”，mainly意为“大体地”，均不符合句意，排除。actually意为“实际上”，下一句对其进行了反向解释，即“有阅读能力的许多成年人，并未全面读过一本书。”言外之意，他们实际上不算读者，故选D。

　　49. B

　　词义辨析题。part意为“部分，零件”，entirety意为“整体”，chapter意为“章”，section意为“部分;节”;in its entirety意为“整体地，全面地”。由此可知，选项B正确。

　　50. C

　　词义辨析题。be classified as意为“被划分，被分类到”，符合句意，故选C。

　　51. C

　　词义辨析题。conclusive意为“确定的”，the most conclusive是其最高级，指最确定的，故选C。inclusive意为“包括的;包围的”，inclinable意为“倾向于;赞成的”，complicated意为“复杂的”，均不符合句意。

　　52. D

　　词义辨析题。unlock意为“解开，破译”，符合句意，故选D。elaborate意为“详细说明”，break意为“破裂”，define意为“解释”，均不符合句意。

　　53. A

　　词义辨析题。由句意“为了不同的________而对意思进行解释”，可知A项正确。for various purposes意为“出于各种各样的原因”。

　　54. C

　　词义辨析题。so用在do之后代表上文提到的具体动作，以避免重复，故选C。

　　55. B

　　惯用搭配题。结合上下文可知，此处要作总结，四个选项中只有B项能和short构成短语in short(总之)。