1. In the early fifties, only eight or nine out of a hundred young men changed their jobs within the first three years with a company.

　　在五十年代初期，有百分之八九的年轻人在一家公司工作三年后往往会跳槽。

　　2. Since most jobs take only a year and a half to master, in order to continue learning, they have to make a job change.

　　由于大多数工作只需花一年多就可以掌握，为了继续学习，他们就会调换工作。

　　3. They have worked for a few years as technical specialists and quickly moved into higher management positions.

　　作为技术专家，他们在工作了几年之后会更快地跳到更高的管理岗位。

　　4. Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew.

　　社会学家们对于一个社会是怎样形成与怎样发展起来的很感趣。

　　5. A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s.

　　1830年，一个叫Auguste Comte的法人使社会学成为一门独立的学科。

　　6. The method of capital punishment varies from nation to nation.

　　执行死刑的方法因国家而各不相同。

　　7. The new device was named after the man who spoke out in favor of it.

　　有个人大胆提议用这种新装置，后来这种刑具就以那个人的名字命名。

　　8. Many people felt that beheading a person in the guillotine was merciful because of the quickness of death.

　　许多人认为使用断头台来处决一个人，这是很仁慈的，因为这样会让人死得更快一些。

　　9. A little child cannot understand advertisement for what they are and so believes totally in what he or she hears.

　　小孩儿不知广告为何物，因此便完全听信广告上所说的。

　　10. And I am upset myself at how the advertisers can control a child’s outlook on the world.

　　广告商是如何掌管孩子的世界观，对此我非常焦虑。

　　11. I think I should join Jolie in her efforts to change advertising tactics(策略) when it comes to advertisements for children.

　　涉及到针对儿童的广告，我想我应当与Jolie一起努力去改变广告策略。

　　12. However, policymakers were not yet acting on many important environmental problems.

　　然而，政策制定者们当时并未对许多重要的环境保护问题付诸行动。