第二篇 “一带一路”倡议

　　“一带一路”倡议提出以来，许多国家都将其视为和中国合作的机会和平台。但是也有批评认为，中国的“一带一路”所提供的的贷款，加大了例如斯里兰卡等国的债务，使他们无力偿还。 但是一带一路倡议实施仅仅五年，中国是国际投融资市场的后来者。中国公司走出去，在国外投资也有限。

　　Many countries see the BRI as an opportunity and a platform for closer cooperation with China. One criticism that people have raised is the idea of debt. The idea that many of the loans or the investments involved loans from China to the countries like Sri Lanka may make them take on too much debt and they won't be able to fund them. China is a latecomer in international investment and financing markets. It's just been five years since the BRI was put forward. And it hasn't been that many years since Chinese companies started to explore the global market.

　　根据斯里兰卡中央银行的统计数据，2017年中国的贷款仅占斯里兰卡外债的10%左右，其中 60%是低于国际市场利率的优惠贷款。因此，很明显，斯里兰卡外债负担，并不是中国的责任。实际上债务有很多因素构成，包括一个国家的历史旧账、国际经济环境的变化，包括储备货币上涨、其他国家利率上调、大宗商品价格的下降等。

　　According to the 2017 annual report issued by its central bank, Sri Lanka's total foreign debt is over US$50 billion. China only accounts for about 10%. Plus, over 60% of Chinese loans are concessional loans, with an interest rate much lower than the international level. The cause for debt is complicated and involves many factors, including economic fundamentals, historical debt baggage, or changing international and economic environment like rising protectionism, interest rates hike in some advanced economies, appreciation of major reserve currencies as well as plummeting commodity prices.

　　斯里兰卡的港口建设，实际上是斯里兰卡邀请中方进行的。斯里兰卡一直希望打造全球性的物流和仓储中心，但是因为内乱和战争， 始终没有如愿。如今斯里兰卡局势稳定，因此希望中国参与建设。一开始中国企业不了解当地局势，也有很多犹豫，最后经过大量研究、探讨，双方终于达成共识，组建合资企业，股权共有。 但是我要强调的是，港口的主权和所有权都属于斯里兰卡，建设完成后，如果斯里兰卡觉得有必要，可以购回股权。

　　About the Hambantota port, the project was built and run at the request of the Sri Lankan side. For years, Sri Lanka had hoped to make good use of its geographical location and build the country into a logistic and warehouse hub in the Indian ocean. In the past, because of civil war and conflict, they were unable to do so. Now the situation is stable, to build an international port is back on their agenda. And they looked for help from China. The idea of the operation right also came from the Sri Lankan side. The Chinese company was hesitant at first because they were not familiar with such situation. After careful studies and rounds of consultation and negotiation, the Chinese company overcame difficulties and reached agreement with the Sri Lankan side to set up two joint ventures, and had acquired corresponding stakes. I want to stress that the sovereignty over and ownership of the Hambantota port belong to Sri Lanka throughout the process. When it is done, if it so needs, Sri Lanka can repurchase part of or all stakes from the Chinese company until it takes it all back.

　　也有人将“一带一路”与马歇尔计划相比较。“一带一路”与马歇尔计划有相似之处，它们都是在和平时期促进基础设施发展的倡议。但是“一带一路”与马歇尔计划存在本质区别。首先一带一路”比“马歇尔计划”既古老得多，又年轻得多。说古老，是因为“一带一路”传承着具有两千多年历史的古代丝绸之路精神，是古代丝绸之路精神的现代版本。说年轻，是因为“一带一路”诞生于全球化时代，是开放合作的产物，不是地缘政治的工具，不同于马歇尔计划，因为它诞生于冷战期间，是美苏争霸的产物。其次，“一带一路”重在强调不同国家间的相互交流和互联互通。

　　Some compare the Belt and Road Initiative to the Marshall plan. It may appear that the two initiatives have something in common, as they are both about investment in infrastructure in peacetime. But other than that, they cannot be more different. First, time-line wise, the Belt and Road Initiative ( BRI ) is older and also younger than the Marshall Plan. Older because it draws inspiration from the spirit of the ancient Silk Road with over 2000 years of history, hence the modern version of the Silk Road. It is younger than the Marshall plan, because it was conceived in the 21st century, an era of globalization, and born out of opening-up and cooperation. Secondly, the Marshall Plan was introduced during the Cold War dominated by rivalry between the United States and the former Soviet Union. Therefore it had clear geopolitical and ideological goals. The BRI, on the other hand, focuses on economic cooperation and connectivity.

　　题目来源：2018年9月10日外交部副部长乐玉成接受英国《金融时报》亚洲版总编吉密欧专访就“一带一路”倡议有关问题阐述了中方政策立场