第一篇 WTO改革

　　和一个国家一样，任何国际组织都需要与时俱进，WTO也不例外。多哈回合久拖不决，十多年来，发达成员数千亿美元的农业补贴没有一丝一毫的削减;电子商务等新兴业态在全球市场上风生水起，WTO却未能提供任何国际规范;更严重的是，面对今天甚嚣尘上的单边主义、保护主义狂潮，WTO难以进行有效地制约。

　　A country needs to keep up with the new developments, and so are the international organizations. WTO is no exception. The Doha Round has been dragging on for years. Over the past decade, the hundreds of millions of dollars in agricultural subsidies in the developed members have remained largely unchanged. But at the same time, new forms of business, such as e-commerce, have flourished across the world. WTO is not providing international norms to address any of these issues. What is even more alarming is that the organization seems to be losing effectiveness to rein in the rampage of unilateralism and protectionism.

　　因此，WTO需要改革、必须改革。同时，改革必须坚持正确的方向，采取恰当的方式。

　　For all these reasons, WTO needs a reform. But the reform should be in the right direction and taking the right approach.

　　第一，改革必须坚持反对保护主义、单边主义的方向，必须有助于推进世界范围的贸易自由化、投资便利化进程，必须坚持非歧视的原则，必须充分发扬民主。改革不是另起炉灶，对已经制定的规则，大家都要遵守;如有人破坏，应群起反对之。

　　First, the reform needs to be firmly set in the course of fighting against unilateralism and protectionism. It has to push for worldwide trade liberalization and investment facilitation. It has to stick to the principle of non-discrimination and adopt a democratic approach. Reform is not to reinvent the wheel. The existing rules must be fully respected and faithfully implemented. Reform is not an excuse for not implementing the rules, and any such attempt should be met with resistance from the members.

　　新的商业领域需要新规则，也应允许部分成员，也许可从志同道合的成员开始进行探索，但要充分听取和考虑广大发展中国家的意见和需求，最终形成多边规则。

　　With respect to making new rules for new forms of business activities, we should allow members, maybe starting with groups of like-minded ones, to explore these issues, but we also need to duly consider the views and needs of the developing members and fully consult with them. Only through an inclusive process, can we maybe eventually reach multilateral outcomes.

　　第二，改革需要有优先顺序，循序渐进，不能好高骛远。通过成员间的协商和谈判，如果能够尽快恢复WTO争端解决机制的正常运转，如果能够在2019年如期达成渔业补贴协议，如果能在电子商务、投资便利化、中小微企业等议题的讨论上有所进展，如果能够在透明度等问题上也做出一些改善，对于将于2020年举行的第12届WTO贸易部长会议来说，已是功莫大焉。在上述领域的改革中，中国愿意发挥积极的、建设性的作用，并做出与自身能力相称的贡献。

　　Second, we need to prioritize and take a step-by-step approach, and stay away from moonshot targets. If, through consultations and negotiations among the members, we could expeditiously restore the proper functioning of the dispute settlement mechanism, achieve an agreement on fishery subsidies in 2019 as we planned, make progress on the new topics such as e-commerce, investment facilitation and MSMEs, make improvements in terms of transparency. If we can achieve these targets at the MC12 in 2020, I think we can already call it a success. China is willing to play a proactive and constructive role, and to make contributions within its capacities.

　　有人把WTO比喻成为一个患了严重疾病的人，如果是这样的话，做出正确诊断比匆忙开出药方更重要。今天的讨论可以算是一次医生的集体会诊，类似的会诊也许会以不同的方式进行多次，直到我们确认真正的病源是什么，然后再对症下药。

　　People sometimes say that the WTO is a patient in a critical state with multiple failing organs. If that is the case, urgently resorting the functioning of the organs and making the right diagnostics of the illness is more important that rushing to give prescriptions. Today’s discussion might be a group consultation of doctors to identify what is the cause of the illness and work on a plan for proper treatment. We might have many such group consultations in different formats so that we can have the right understanding of the issues and provide the right solutions.

　　我们每个人都知道WTO的危机来自何方。任何一个国家或者个人对WTO的态度，都只是WTO改革的背景，而不是改革的原因。当然我们必须要做最坏的打算，但我不想针对假设性的问题花费过多的时间。我只想说，我们会在自己的能力和职责范围内，努力推动正确的WTO改革。

　　We all know where the crisis of WTO comes from, but whatever a particular country or a particular individual thinks about the WTO, it can only serve as the context rather than the reason for the reform of the WTO. Of course, we have to prepare for the worst, but I don’t want to spend too much time on hypothetical scenarios. I just want to say that we will, within our capacities and responsibilities, work hard to push for the right reform of the WTO.

　　题目来源： 中国常驻世界贸易组织代表团张向晨大使在法国经济财政部、外交部组织的研讨会午餐时的发言