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2018年翻译资格考试高级口译词汇:文化,艺术,娱乐

来源 :中华考试网 2018-04-20

  文化,艺术,娱乐

  Section I 英译中

  音乐

  aria n.独唱曲, 咏叹调

  background music n.背景音乐

  band n. 乐队

  baritone n.男中音

  bass n.低音部, 男低音, 低音乐器

  beat n.节奏, 鼓点

  brass n.铜管乐器, 或铜管乐队

  Broadway musicals n. 百老汇音乐剧

  canon n. 卡农,一种乐曲形式,其中同样的旋律被一个或多个声部重复,同一调或相关调彼此在时间上重合

  chord n. 和弦, 和音

  composer n.作家, 作曲家

  concerto n.协奏曲

  conductor n. 管弦乐队、合唱队指挥

  contemporary music n. 当代音乐

  crescendo n. 声音渐增,渐强

  decrescendo n. 渐弱

  dissonanc n. 不谐和音, 不一致

  duet n.二重奏

  finale n.(戏剧的)最后一场, 结局, 终曲, (电视剧) 最后一集

  flat n. [音]降半音

  fox trot n.狐步舞,狐步舞曲

  fugue n.[音]赋格曲

  genre n.类型, 流派

  acid jazz 酸性爵士

  alternative 另类(非主流)音乐, 如gay music (同性恋音乐)

  bluegrass 蓝草音乐--起源于美国南方的民间音乐,特色为音乐轻快和象爵士乐那样即兴演奏

  blues 布鲁斯歌曲(蓝调音乐)

  Celtic 凯尔特音乐 (尤指爱尔兰风格)

  classical 古典乐

  country 乡村音乐

  dance 劲爆蹦迪音乐

  easy listening轻音乐

  electronica 电子音乐

  environmental music 环境音乐

  experimental 实验音乐

  folk 民族音乐

  fusion 融合音乐

  heavy metal / hard rock 重金属摇滚

  hip-hop / urban 嘻蹦乐, 又译嘻哈

  house 电子乐的一种 (注:Hip Hop或Rap源于纽约黑人区, House Music源于芝加哥,但多为白人所作,同时House Music主要为强调Bass Line及Drums的音乐花招,并不涉及文化觉醒或社会运动等主题。)

  Indie-Rock独立音乐 (属于另类音乐)

  jazz 爵士乐

  Jazz Blues 爵士布鲁斯

  Latin 拉丁乐

  musicals 音乐剧

  New Age 新时代乐风--以在某些乐器上宁静的即兴创作为特征的现代音乐,例如风琴、吉它或合成器。以梦幻般的悦耳音乐和民族器乐的乐风而闻名

  Punk /New wave 朋克 / 新浪潮

  R & B 节奏布鲁斯

  Rap 说唱

  Reggae 雷鬼乐,一种风格独特的牙买加音乐

  Retro 怀旧音乐

  Soft rock 慢摇滚

  soul music (美国黑人) 爵士灵歌, 结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点

  soundtrack 电影配乐

  swing 摇摆乐, 形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐,以爵士乐为基础,但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队

  Techno 强烈动感的电子音乐

  Trance 非常Hi的电子舞曲, 迷幻电子乐

  gospel n. 福音音乐

  harmony n. [音]和弦,和声, 悦耳的声音组合

  hymn n.赞美诗, 圣歌v.唱赞美歌

  improvisation n.即席创作

  lip synching v./n. 对口型,假唱

  lyrics n.抒情诗, 歌词

  march n. [音] 进行曲

  melody n. 旋律

  opera n.歌剧

  opus n.作品

  orchestra n.管弦乐队

  a large musical ensemble consisting of string, woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments

  percussion n. 打击乐器, 鼓点

  polka n.波尔卡舞曲

  pop music n. 流行音乐,通俗音乐

  quartet n.四重奏, 四重唱

  Renaissance n.文艺复兴, 有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐

  the period in Western Europe from 1400-1600; the style of music from this period

  repertoire n.(准备好演出的)节目, 保留剧目

  an inventory of compositions mastered and performed by a musician or ensemble

  Requiem Mass n. 安魂曲

  a Mass for the dead

  rhumba n.(=rumba)伦巴舞蹈, 伦巴乐曲

  a ballroom dance based on the Afro Cuban rumba

  rhythm n.节奏, 韵律

  rock n. 摇滚乐

  salsa n. 萨尔萨舞曲, 拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲

  samba n.桑巴舞(一种源自非洲的巴西舞)

  score n. 乐谱

  solo n.独奏曲, 独唱

  sonata n.[音]奏鸣曲

  a multimovement composition for solo instrument, or instruments and keyboard accompaniment

  soprano n.女高音

  symphony n.交响乐, 交响曲

  tango n.探戈

  an Argentinean dance in duple meter with long, gliding steps

  tempo n.(音乐)速度、拍子, 发展速度

  the speed of the music, based on the beat

  tenor n. [音] 男高音

  a high pitched male voice

  theme n. [音] 主题, 主题曲, 主旋律

  theme and variations n. [音]主题与变奏

  trio n.三重唱

  vocal range n. 音域

  waltz n.华尔兹舞, 华尔兹舞曲

  SECTION II: 中译英

  2.1 中国文化

  四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China

  [扩展]

  火药gunpowder

  印刷术 printing

  造纸术paper-making

  指南针the compass

  中国古代哲学家 Ancient Chinese Philosophers

  孔子 Confucius

  孟子Mencius

  老子 Lao Tzu

  庄子Chuang Tzu

  墨子Mo Tzu

  孙子Sun Tzu

  (注:see attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chinese Philosophers 引言见附录)

  道Tao , “the way”, the principle of the workings of the universe

  仁 humaneness (also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue)

  四书The Four Books

  《大学 》The Great Learning

  《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

  《论语》The Analects of Confucius

  《孟子》The Mencius

  书法五大书体five major styles of calligraphy

  篆书 seal script / seal character

  隶书 official script / clerical script

  行书 running script / semi-cursive script

  草书 cursive script

  楷书 regular script / standard script

  中国画 traditional Chinese painting

  水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting

  工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting

  六艺: six classical arts

  [扩展]

  礼rites

  乐music

  射archery

  御riding

  书writing

  数arithmetic

  孙子兵法The Art of War

  汉字 Chinese character

  (汉字)笔画 stroke

  偏旁部首 radical

  书写体系 writing system

  汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan

  汉学家Sinologist / Sinologue

  中国热 Sinomania

  同宗同源 of the same origin

  华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors

  单音节 single syllable

  汉语有 “合理的逻辑性” Chinese language is “soberly logical” (Edward Sapir, American linguist)

  汉语四声调the four tones of Chinese characters

  level tone阳平

  rising tone阴平

  falling-rising tone上声

  falling tone去声

  武术 martial art

  中国武术 Kung fu

  武术门派 styles or schools of martial art

  习武健身practice martial art for fitness

  古代格斗术ancient form of combat

  中国武术协会 Chinese Martial Art Association

  武林高手top martial artist

  气功Qigong, deep breathing exercises

  柔道 judo

  空手道Karate

  跆拳道tae kwon do

  拳击boxing

  摔跤wrestling

  击剑fencing

  仗剑走天涯walk the earth (with a sword)

  武侠小说 tales of roving knights; kung fu novels

  中国文学Chinese literature

  《三国演义》Three Kingdoms

  《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West

  《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions

  《山海经》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers

  《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers

  《西厢记》 the Romance of West Chamber

  《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin

  《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio

  《围城》Fortress Besieged

  《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q

  春秋 the Spring and Autumn Annals

  史记 Historical Records

  诗经 The Books of Songs;the Book of Odes

  书经 The Books of History

  易经 I Ching; the Book of Changes

  礼记 the Book of Rites

  孝经Book of Filial Piety

  三字经 three-character scripture; three-word chant

  八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing

  五言绝句 five-character quatrain

  七言律诗 seven-character octave

  中国建筑 Chinese architecture

  四合院 quadrangle, the traditional Chinese single-story houses with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard

  蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt

  碑刻, 碑文, 碑铭inscriptions on a tablet

  碑林the forest of steles, tablet forest

  道观Taoist temple

  殿hall

  烽火台 beacon tower

  鼓楼 drum tower

  华表 ornamental column

  回廊corridor

  祭坛 altar

  假山rockeries

  角楼watchtower

  廊 corridor

  牌楼 pailou, decorated archway

  桥bridges

  石舫 stone boat

  石窟 grotto

  水榭 pavilion on the water

  塔 pagoda; tower

  台 terrace

  坛altar

  亭阁 pavilion

  钟楼 bell tower

  柱pillar, column, post

  陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum/tomb

  重要文化遗产major cultural heritage

  优秀民间艺术outstanding folk arts

  文物cultural relics

  中国结 Chinese knot

  旗袍Cheongsam

  中山装Chinese tunic suit

  唐装traditional Chinese garments (clothing),Tang suit

  景泰蓝cloisonné

  朝廷使者 royal court envoy

  文人 men of letters

  雅士 refined scholars

  文化产业culture industry

  文化底蕴cultural deposits

  文化事业cultural undertaking

  文化交流cross-cultural communication

  文化冲突culture shock

  民族文化national culture

  民间文化folk culture

  城镇文化urban culture

  乡村文化rural culture

  当地文化native culture

  表演艺术performing art

  现代流行艺术popular art, pop art

  纯艺术high art

  高雅艺术refined art

  电影艺术cinematographic art

  戏剧艺术theatrical art

  [扩展]

  生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)

  旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)

  净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character

  丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role

  花脸painted role

  独角戏 monodrama;one-man show

  歌舞喜剧musical

  滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头shtick

  滑稽短剧skit

  京剧票友 amateur performer of Beijing Opera / Peking Opera fan

  京剧人物脸谱Peking Opera Mask

  口技 ventriloquism

  木偶戏 puppet show

  旁白voice over

  皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show

  说书 story-telling

  叠罗汉 make a human pyramid

  折子戏 opera highlights

  踩高跷stilt walk

  哑剧 pantomime; mime

  哑剧演员 pantomimist

  戏剧小品 skit

  马戏circus show

  单口相声monologue comic talk, standup comedy

  特技表演stunt

  相声witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk

  杂技 acrobatics

  京韵大鼓the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment

  秦腔shaanxi opera

  篆刻sealcutting

  阴文characters cut in intaglio

  阳文characters cut in relief

  图章 seal

  刻刀graver

  拓碑 making rubbings from stone inscriptions

  拓片 rubbing

  工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship

  手工艺品 handicraft

  木雕wood carving

  黄杨木雕boxwood craft

  雕漆carved lacquerware

  石雕stone carving

  微雕 miniature engraving

  象牙雕ivory carving

  竹雕bamboo engraving

  贝雕shell carving

  冰雕 ice sculpture

  彩塑painted sculpture

  瓷釉enamel

  刺绣embroidery

  卷轴scroll

  蜡染batik

  泥人 clay figure

  漆画lacquer painting

  漆器Lacquer ware

  青瓷色Celadon

  双面绣two-sided embroidery

  水墨画Landscape/ ink painting

  苏绣Suzhou embroidery

  檀香扇sandalwood fan

  唐三彩Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

  陶器 pottery

  制陶业Ceramics

  文房四宝The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper

  砚刻inkslab engraving

  宜兴陶Yixing pottery

  折扇Folding fan

  枝编工艺Wickerwork

  织锦, 挂毯Tapestry

  纸工艺品papier mache

  中国画Chinese painting

  民间传说 folklores

  寓言fable

  传说 legend

  神话mythology

  玉皇大帝God of Heaven

  八仙 the Eight Immortals

  嫦娥 Chang’e, the Chinese moon goddess

  伏羲 Fu Xi, God of Fishery and Husbandry

  福禄寿三星god of fortune, god of prosperity, god and longevity

  财神 god of fortune

  灶神 god of the kitchen

  共工 Gonggong, God of Water

  后羿 Houyi (a legendary hero who shot down nine suns)

  黄帝 Yellow Emperor

  夸父 Kuafu (a fabled sun-chasing giant)

  女娲 Nuwa : a goddess who patches up the sky

  盘古 Pan Gu , creator of the universe

  神农 Patron of Agriculture

  禹 Yu , the reputed founder of the Xia Dynasty

  祝融 Zhurong, God of Fire

  古为今用,洋为中用make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china 赋诗inscribe a poem

  对对联matching an antithetical couplet

  阳历Solar calendar

  公历Gregorian calendar

  阴历Lunar calendar

  天干heavenly stem

  地支earthly branch

  闰年leap year

  二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms

  十二生肖zodiac

  Rat 鼠

  Ox 牛

  Tiger 虎

  Hare 兔

  Dragon 龙

  Snake 蛇

  Horse 马

  Sheep 羊

  Monkey 猴

  Rooster 鸡

  Dog 狗

  Pig猪

  猴年 year of monkey

  本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches

  传统节日traditional holidays

  春节 Spring Festival

  拜年pay a New Year visit

  爆竹, 鞭炮firecracker

  除夕 Eve of Chinese New Year

  春联 Spring couplets

  辞旧迎新 ring out the old year and ring in the new

  饺子 Jiaozi, boiled dumpling

  锅贴 pot sticker

  庙会 temple fair

  鸣钟辞旧岁ring out the old year

  年画 (traditional) New Year pictures

  年夜饭 the Eve Feast; family reunion dinner on Lunar New Year’s Eve

  年终大扫除 year-end household cleaning

  守岁 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve

  团圆饭 family reunion dinner

  压岁钱 New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift

  舞龙dragon dance

  元宵节 Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)

  元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings

  花灯festival lantern

  灯谜lantern riddle

  狮子舞 lion dance

  踩高跷stilt walking

  清明节 Pure Brightness Festival / Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)

  扫墓sweep tomb sites of loved ones

  祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors

  踏青go for an outing in spring

  端午节 Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)

  赛龙舟dragon boat race

  粽子 zongzi (pyramid-shaped dumpling made by glutinous rice wrapped in reed or bamboo leaves)

  Departed soul 亡灵

  忠臣loyal minister

  诗人屈原Quyuan the poet

  中秋节 Moon Festival / Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)

  月饼 mooncake

  赏月 appreciate the glorious full moon

  团圆 reunion

  桂花 sweet osmanthus

  重阳节 Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day

  赏菊 admire the beauty of chrysanthemum

  登高 climb mountain

  中药TCM traditional Chinese medicine (详见HEALTH一章)

  秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin

  皇太后 Empress Dowager

  汉高祖刘邦founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)

  成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin

  才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies

  文明摇篮 cradle of civilization

  夏朝 Xia Dynasty

  明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties

  中华文明 Chinese civilization

  文明摇篮 cradle of civilization

  地名:特别注意四川和陕拼法

  四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan

  陕西 Shaanxi

  古文明研究中心 Research Center for Ancient Civilizations

  中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars

  考古学家 archaeologists

  人类学家 anthropologist

  历史学家 historian

  地理学家geographer

  江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River

  水乡景色 riverside scenery

  2.2 体育, 娱乐

  2008夏季奥运会 2008 summer Olympics

  主办2008年奥运会 host the 2008 Olympic Games

  奥运会火炬 Olympic torch

  奥运村 Olympic village

  奥运选手 Olympian

  奥运会核心精神 the core spirit of the Olympic games

  更快、更高、更强 Citius, Altius, Fortius

  东道国 host country

  主办城市 host city

  冬奥会 Olympic Winter Games

  国际奥委会 IOC (International Olympic Committee)

  会歌 anthem

  会徽 emblem

  申办 bid

  申办成功 win the bidding

  板球 criket

  公开赛 open / open tournament

  锦标赛 championships

  国家体育总局 State Physical Culture Administration

  健美运动 bodybuilding

  教练 coach / trainer

  举重 weight lifting

  马术 equitation

  球类运动 ball games

  赛马 horse race

  射击 shooting

  射箭 archery

  室内运动 indoor sports

  室外运动 outdoor sports

  体育道德、 运动家精神 sportsmanship

  田径 track and field

  跳高 high jump

  跳远 long jump

  马拉松 marathon

  职业选手 professional athlete

  自行车赛 cycling

  跨栏 hurdle race

  体操 gymnastics

  接力赛 relay race

  冰球 hockey

  娱乐 recreation / entertainment

  [扩展]

  《伯尔尼公约》(有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约)Berne Convention

  比基尼 bikini

  茶道 sado

  敞蓬车 convertible

  宠物医院 pet clinic

  传媒 media

  吹风会 briefing

  大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener

  大众传媒 mass media (of communications)

  发烧友 zealot; enthusiastic fan

  狗仔队 paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural)

  广告妙语 punch line

  吉尼斯世界记录 Guinness Book of Records

  家庭影院 home theater

  票房 box office

  泼水节 Water-Sprinkling Festival

  群众精神文化生活people's cultural life

  人体彩绘 body painting

  迪斯尼乐园 Disneyland

  米老鼠 Mickey mouse

  唐老鸭 Donald Duck

  特技演员stunt man

  替身演员 stand-in; double

  选美 beauty contest, beauty pageant

  综艺节目 variety show

  2.3 饮食文化

  各大菜系 major styles of cooking / cuisine

  粽子Zongzi: a pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves (eaten on the Dragon Boat Festival)

  月饼moon cake

  蜜饯candied preserved fruit / sweetened preserved plums

  豆沙sweet bean paste

  蛋黄egg yolk

  咸蛋黄 marinated egg yolk

  海鲜seafood

  扇贝scallop

  大葱scallion

  葱green onion

  肉馅minced meat

  鱼糜minced fillet

  虾糜minced shrimp

  饺子Jiaozi boiled dumpling

  八宝饭8-treasure rice

  鲤鱼carp

  青鱼black carp

  草鱼grass carp

  欧洲鲫鱼crucian carp

  鲫鱼golden carp

  鲈鱼bass

  桂鱼Chinese perch

  石斑鱼garoupa

  三文鱼/ 大麻哈鱼salmon

  金枪鱼tuna

  鳕鱼cod

  年糕rice cake - year cake

  胡桃walnut

  饭票, 餐券 meal ticket

  涮羊肉thin slices of mutton for boiling in a hot pot

  芝麻sesame

  油条deep-fried dough sticks

  酱油soy sauce

  绿豆mung beans

  油饼deep-fried dough cake

  汤soup

  菜 dish

  豆浆soybean milk

  盖交饭rice served with meat and veggies on top

  香菜cilantro (Chinese parsley cilantro/ coriander)

  粉丝glass noodles; vermicelli made from bean starch, etc.

  馒头steamed buns

  花卷steamed twisted rolls

  包子steamed stuffed buns

  肉包子steamed bun with meat filling

  肉馅meat filling

  豆沙包steamed bun filled with bean paste

  豆沙馅bean-paste filling

  春卷spring roll ( a thin sheet of dough, stuffed, rolled and fried)

  包饺子making Chinese dumplings

  案板kneading board

  擀面杖rolling pin

  馅stuffing; filling

  面团儿dough

  饺子皮dumpling wrappers

  馄饨皮wonton wrappers

  网筛wire strainer

  蒸笼bamboo (food) steamer

  锅贴pot sticker

  烧卖shaomai (a steamed dumpling with the dough gathered at the top)

  葱饼scallion pancake

  推棍儿pancake spreader

  甜面酱sweet sauce made of fermented flour

  北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck

  面条noodles

  拉面hand-stretched noodles; ramen

  方便面instant noodle

  挂面fine dried noodles

  炒面fried noodles

  凉面cold noodles in sauce

  馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup)

  刀削面shaved noodles

  米粉rice flour

  面粉wheat flour

  烤面包toast

  果酱jam

  三明治sandwich

  热狗hot dog

  汉堡包hamburger

  糖纳滋doughnut

  百吉饼、面包圈 bagel

  高粱饴sorghum candy

  酒心糖liqueur-filled candy

  口香糖chewing gum

  泡泡糖bubble gum

  山楂片haw flakes

  糖炒栗子chestnuts roast (in sand) with brown sugar

  爆米花popcorn

  松糕sponge cake

  绿豆粥mung bean porridge

  红豆粥red bean porridge

  杏核豆腐almond bean curd

  豆腐tofu (bean curd)

  麻花fried dough twist

  萨其马egg crisp cake

  鱿鱼squid

  笋bamboo shoot

  笋干air-dried bamboo shoot

  香菇dried mushroom

  草菇straw mushroom

  猴菇hedgehog mushroom

  木耳wood-ear/ Jew’s ear

  白木耳tremella

  冬虫夏草Chinese caterpillar fungus

  海带kelp

  紫菜seaweed

  燕窝bird’s nest

  海蜇jellyfish

  海参sea cucumber

  鲍鱼abalone

  鱼翅shark’s fin

  熊掌bear’s paw

  豆腐泡beancurd puff

  腐乳fermented beancurd

  刀工cutting technique

  切丁dice

  切条slice

  切丝shred

  剁、剁碎chop

  切碎(成泥) mince

  方块cube

  块chunk

  瓜子sunflower seeds

  莲藕lotus root

  莲子lotus seeds

  青蒜,韭葱leek

  韭菜Chinese chives / leek

  平菇oyster mushroom

  苦瓜bitter gourd

  四季豆、菜豆string bean, snap bean,green bean

  豌豆荚、雪豆荚snow pea

  豆芽bean sprout

  绿豆芽mung bean sprouts

  黄豆芽soybean sprouts

  枣子Chinese dates

  山楂haw

  石榴pomegranate

  弥猴桃、奇异果kiwi fruit

  荔枝lychee

  龙眼longan

  橘子tangerine

  西柚、葡萄柚grapefruit

  佛手瓜Buddha’s-hand; fingered citron

  木瓜papaya

  核桃仁walnut meat

  松子,松人pine nut kernels

  西瓜子melon seeds

  腰果cashew nut

  榛果, 榛子hazelnut

  葡萄grape

  核桃 walnut

  谷grain; cereal

  米 rice

  long rice 长米,较硬,煮前先泡一个小时

  Pudding rice or short rice 短米,较软

  Brown rice 糙米

  THAI Fragrant rice 泰国香米

  Glutinous rice 糯米

  强力面粉strong flour

  中筋面粉,不含发酵粉的面粉plain flour

  自发粉self- raising flour

  小麦面粉whole meal flour

  砂糖brown sugar

  红糖(感冒时煮姜汤时用)dark brown sugar

  糖粉icing sugar

  冰糖rock sugar

  醋 vinger

  玉米淀粉、太白粉cornstarch

  麦芽糖maltose

  芝麻sesame seeds

  麻油sesame oil

  蚝油oyster sauce

  胡椒pepper

  白胡椒white pepper

  黑胡椒black pepper

  辣椒粉red chilli powder

  芝麻酱sesame paste

  味精msg (monosodium glutamate)

  豆鼓black bean sauce

  大红豆red kidney bean

  冬菇dried black mushroom

  酸菜pickled mustard-green

  八角、茴香anise

  荸荠、马蹄water chestnuts

  虾米dried shrimps

  明虾prawn

  美食节 gourmet festival

  中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine; Chinese culinary art

  色香味形 color, aroma, taste and appearance

  四大菜系:four major Chinese cusines:

  山东菜 Shangdong cuisine

  川菜 Sichuan cuisine

  粤菜 Canton cuisine

  扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine

  南淡北咸 the light southern cuisine and the salty northern cusine

  东甜西辣 the sweet eastern cuisine and the spicy western cuisine

  八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding

  风味小吃 local delicacy

  切片 slice

  切丝 shred

  切丁 dice

  切碎 mince

  绞碎 grind

  大、旺、武火 high heat

  中火 medium heat

  小、微、文火 low heat

  煎pan-fry

  炒stir-fry; sauté

  爆 quick-fry

  炸 deep-fry

  烩 stew

  熏smoke

  煨, 炖simmer, stew

  煮 boil

  烘 bake

  烤 bake; roast, grill

  架烤 grill; BBQ

  蒸 steam

  红烧 braise (with soy sauce)

  涮 (羊肉) dip-boil (mutton slices)

  2.4哲学与宗教

  无神论atheism

  [详析]- the doctrine or belief that there is no God or gods.

  创世论creationism

  [详析]the belief that God created the universe, including all life, in its present form precisely as stated in the Bible in the book of Genesis.

  进化论Darwinism

  [详析]the theory that the origin of the species is derived by descent, with variation, from parent forms, through the natural selection of those best adapted to survive in the struggle for existence.

  宿命论determinism

  [详析] a philosophical concept which postulates that all events, including human actions, are predetermined.

  辩证的dialectic

  [详析] the art or practice of a logical discussion as of the truth of a theory or opinion.

  启蒙运动enlightenment

  [详析] a trend during the 18th century that favored the power of human reason. It was believed that knowledge could only come from observation guided by reason and that through reason, continuing progress in knowledge, achievement, and morality could be sustained. Further, that through education, human nature could be changed for the better.

  耶和华Jehovah

  [详析] 基督教《圣经·旧约》中的上帝, 也是耶和华见证派信奉的上帝

  女神 goddess

  先知 illuminati

  [详析] persons possessing or claiming to possess superior understanding and knowledge

  实证主义 positivism

  [详析]that which has to be accepted as we find it and is not given to further explanation.

  苏格拉底问答法Socratic method

  [详析]a teacher, by questioning his student, brings the student to recognize some conclusion without telling the student that the conclusion is true.

  佛教Buddhism

  [扩展]

  藏经楼 depositary of Buddhist sutra

  藏经洞 a cave fro preserving Buddhist sutra

  禅 Dhyana / Zen

  禅宗 Zen

  禅宗大师 Zen master

  大藏经 Tripitaka

  大乘佛教Great Vehicle (from north)

  小乘佛教 Lesser Vehicle (from south)

  大雄宝殿 the Great Buddha’s Hall

  大昭寺 Jokhang Temple

  地藏god of earth

  佛龛 shrine

  佛寺Buddhist temple

  佛像 statue of Buddha

  舍利子 Buddha's relics

  身外之物 worldly possessions

  十八罗汉The Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha

  罗汉堂Arhat Hall

  释迦牟尼Sakyamuni

  四大金刚Four Heavenly Guardians; Four Devarajas

  涅盘 ( 佛 ) nirvana

  因果报应 Karma

  儒教Confucianism

  孔子 Confucius

  孔庙 Temple of Confucius

  道教Taoism

  [例句]:Around 3000 Before Current Era in ancient China there were great warring states. Two Chinese philosophers, Lao Tzu and Confucius, took different approaches to the problem. Both Taoism and Confucianism have become religions to some people, while others hold them to be wise philosophies.

  道观Taoist temple

  藏学Tibetology

  喇嘛 Lama

  喇嘛教Lamaism

  喇嘛庙 Lamasery

  转世 reincarnation

  转世灵童 reincarnated soul boy

  异教徒 infidel

  宗教矛盾 religious contradictions

  宗教仪式 (religious) ritual

  邪教cult

  邪教组织evil cult gangs

  形而上学 metaphysics

  圣君 sage-king

  基督教 Christian

  基督教新教 Protestant

  基督科学会Scientology

  天主教 Catholic

  耶和华见证会 Jehovah’s Witness

  耶稣基督 Jesus Christ

  洗礼 baptism

  摩门教 Mormon (the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)

  伊斯兰教 Islam

  强硬派伊斯兰教徒 hard -line Islamist

  古兰经 the Koran

  清真寺 Mosque

  素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant

  斋月 (伊斯兰教 ) Ramadan/ month of fast

  教堂church

  寺庙temple

  大教堂cathedral

  小礼拜堂chapel

  修道院abbey

  尼姑庵nunnery

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