“It is going to spread further and I must level with you, I must level with the British public: many more families are going to lose loved ones before their time.”

　　“疫情会继续蔓延，我必须跟你说实话，必须跟英国民众说实话：更多家庭将提早失去亲人。”

　　1. it指the virus。

　　2. is going to spread further也可以说continues to spread.

　　3. level with sb表示对某人说实话，如：

　　I'll level with you. I'm no great detective. I've no training or anything.

　　实话告诉你吧，我根本不是什么大侦探。我没有受过任何训练。

　　level with sb和to tell you the truth还是有区别的，To tell you the truth更多是在表明说话人的态度、观点和看法，通常翻译为“实说实说，坦白说”，如：

　　To tell you the truth, I was afraid to see him

　　坦白说，我害怕见他。

　　4. many more families are going to lose loved ones before their time中的before their time是固定表达，表示提早，其中their指的是loved ones，而不是families。

　　“他英年早逝”可以翻译为He died young，也可以翻译为He died before his time.　　02

　　“群体免疫”是什么?

　　听到约翰逊的这些话，我想英国民众内心是很失望的，政府不积极采取措施，反而在13日的新闻发布会上英国首相约翰逊抛出了“群体免疫”(herd immunity)策略。

　　卫报上是这么说“群体免疫”的：

　　Herd immunity is a phrase normally used when large numbers of children have been vaccinated against a disease like measles, reducing the chances that others will get it.

　　参考译文：

　　“群体免疫”的概念通常被用于防控麻疹等传染性疾病上，如通过大面积(尤指儿童)接种麻疹等疫苗，降低其他人的患病风险。

　　1. 句子结构分析：这句话的句子主干是Herd immunity is a phrase;normally used when …是后置定语修饰phase，省略了which is;其中reducing …是现在分词作结果状语，指的是“large numbers of children have been vaccinated against a disease like measles”的结果。

　　2. 同义词替换：normally used when表示“通常被用于”，也可以说typically used when，usually used when。

　　2. 固定表达：be vaccinated against …是一个固定表达，表示“接种……疫苗”。比如世卫组织官网上的这句话：

　　A vaccination team marks a family's door, indicating that the house was visited and the children have been vaccinated against polio.

　　一个计划免疫小分队在某一住户的门上作标记，表示已走访过该住户，并为儿童接种了脊灰疫苗。

　　原文的have been vaccinated against a disease like measles翻译为“接种麻疹等疫苗”。

　　3. 同义词替换：reducing the chances that当作固定表达来记，意思是“降低……的可能性/几率”。其中chances表示“可能性;几率”。

　　reduce也可以替换为lower。一般用法是跟从句，或reduce the chances of sth/doing sth/sb doing sth，。如金融时报例句：

　　This lowers the chances of them contracting disease, thus heading off its contagious consequence.

　　这会降低他们感染疾病的几率，从而防止其感染。

　　如果the chances of后面跟的是好的可能性和几率，“降低”也可以说hurt或damage。如《华尔街日报》例句：

　　A poorly-written email along with a job application can damage your chances of landing the job.

　　找工作时，一封写的很糟糕的邮件会降低你得到工作的几率。

　　Land a job是固定表达，表示得到工作、找到工作。

　　4. get it中的it指代前面的disease，reducing the chances that others will get it即“降低其他人的患病风险”。

　　5. 同义词替换：others will get it中的get表示感染某种病，也可以说contract/catch the virus/illness，也可以说become infected.

　　其实直白点，也就是说：

　　Because the vast majority of people get a mild illness, to build up some kind of herd immunity so more people are immune to this disease and we reduce the transmission.

　　03

　　什么是“群体免疫”策略?

　　率先抛出“群体免疫”理论的是英国首席科学顾问帕特里克·瓦兰斯。13日在接受英国天空电视台采访时，帕特里克表示，约60%的英国人将感染新冠病毒，以使社会对未来的疫情具有“群体免疫”：

　　Sir Patrick Vallance said around 60 percent of the population will need to catch the virus to build up a national tolerance strong enough to stop the virus circulating.

　　这句中，build up a national tolerance是获得群体免疫，也可以说build herd immunity，build up a collective immunity，build up a long-term, society-wide resistance to the disease，develop herd immunity，become immune，举几个例子：

　　At the heart of that outcry: a policy to push for "herd immunity" to the virus, which would involve allowing at least 40 million Britons to become infected in the hopes of building up a long-term, society-wide resistance to the disease.

　　Sir Patrick Vallance said around 60 percent of the population will need tocatch the virus to build up a national tolerance strong enough to stop the virus circulating.

　　这句话中build up a national tolerance也是“实现群体免疫”的另一种表达。tolerance这个词可以表示“耐受性;耐药性”。如：

　　As with any drug taken in excess, your body can build up a tolerance to it.

　　和过量服用任何其他药物一样，身体会对它产生耐药性。

　　据BBC报道，有不少评论认为政府的延缓战略建立在“群体免疫”原则上，即让数量众多的人接触病毒从而获得群体免疫，将有限的医疗资源用于重症患者的救治。

　　卫报原文：

　　To reach herd immunity, about 60% of the population would need toget ill and become immune, according to Sir Patrick Vallance, the government’s chief scientific adviser.

　　参考译文：

　　英国首席科学顾问帕特里克·瓦兰斯爵士(Sir Patrick Vallance)指出，要实现群体免疫，需要约60%英国人感染新冠病毒并产生抗体。

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