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2020CATTI二级笔译日常练习:群体免疫

来源 :中华考试网 2020-06-26

  1. 同义表达:reach herd immunity表示“实现群体免疫”,也可以说create herd immunity,for herd immunity to kick in。

  A. 比如每日邮报上说:

  Matt Hancock has alongside Downing Street has hit back against critics of its virus strategy who claim that No 10's aim is to create 'herd immunity' - insisting that its priority is to protect people.

  这句话是英国卫生大臣马特·汉考克(Matt Hancock)为政府“群体免疫”战略所作的辩护,他坚持这一战略是保护民众的优先之选。

  B. 还比如fortune上所说:

  For herd immunity to kick in, the U.K. government said that about 60% of the population would need to contract the virus.

  这句和卫报上“To reach herd immunity, about 60% of the population would need to get ill and become immune”实际上表达同一含义。

  kick in表示“开始生效;起作用”,相当于“work”之意。

  2. 同义表达:about 60% of the population would need to get ill意思是“需要约60%的人口感染病毒”,

  3. Sir:表示“爵士”。这是个贵族头衔,用于爵士或准男爵的名字或姓名前面。不要理解为“先生”。

  04

  对“群体免疫”战略的评价

  卫报原文:

  But allowing the population to build up immunity in this way could increase the risk to the most vulnerable: older people with underlying health problems.

  参考译文:

  英国的“群体免疫”策略可能会增加最脆弱人群(即有潜在健康问题的老年人)的感染风险。

  1. 句子结构分析:这句话很长,我们首先要找到句子主干。句子主干是But allowing the population to build up immunity in this way could increase the risk to the most vulnerable;破折号中间的部分是次要成分,表示转折;最后冒号的作用是引出解释说明,即“older people with underlying health problems”是对the most vulnerable的解释。

  2. 固定表达:the most vulnerable是固定表达,表示“最脆弱人群”。the+adj表示一类人。

  比如世卫组织官网上的这句:

  We are still not doing enough to improve life for the most vulnerable and the poorest of the poor.

  在改进最脆弱群体和穷人中的最贫困者的生活方面,我们的所作所为仍然不够。

  “最脆弱人群”也可以说the most vulnerable groups。如:

  Conducting health assessments and monitoring threats to health with a special focus on the most vulnerable groups and areas.

  进行卫生评估和卫生风险监测,重点是最脆弱人群和地区。

  3. increase the risk to the most vulnerable:对某人的风险介词使用to,所以这里the risk to. 还比如:the exact risk to younger people in good health is not known.

  4. 固定表达:underlying health problems当作固定表达来记,意思是“潜在健康问题”。它的同义词是potential health problems。

  “现存/基础健康问题”可以说pre-existing health conditions,如经济学人中这句:

  Elderly people with pre-existing health conditions are at greater risk of the virus.

  “群体免疫”的概念被广泛用于传染病防控中,运用“群体免疫”成功克制流行病也有诸多成功案例。但牛津大学强调,只有在大多数人都接种过疫苗的情况下,“群体免疫”才有效。

  来看一下相关评价:

  And Professor Francois Balloux, of University College London, has warned Sir Patrick Vallance, the Government's chief scientific adviser, the approach the UK is currently adopting is a big gamble which has the potential to backfire disastrously.

  参考译文:

  伦敦大学学院教授弗朗索瓦·巴卢(Francois Balloux)告诫帕特里克,英国目前采取的“群体免疫”方案无疑是一场豪赌,极有可能适得其反,造成灾难性后果。

  1. “一场豪赌”除了说a big gamble,a huge gamble,还可以说a big bet。

  2. 同义表达:has the potential to do sth是固定搭配,意思是“有可能”,potential在这里和前面的chances表示同一含义,所以“有可能”也可以说chances are that …如经济学人例句:

  Chances are that, eventually, something similar will happen this time around as well.

  这次很有可能最终会发生类似的事件。

  3. 固定表达:backfire disastrously当作一个固定表达来记,表示“适得其反/事与愿违,造成灾难性后果”,其中backfire的含义是“产生事与愿违的不良或危险后果”。

  如《华尔街日报》例句:

  But on Tuesday, many in his party balked, fearing that the move couldbackfire disastrously.

  但周二,他领导的政党的许多成员反对这一做法,担心此举可能适得其反,带来灾难性后果。

  世卫组织发言人说到:

  So little is known about coronavirus, and while "theories" can be talked about, the current situation requires "action".

  所以,英国目前需要的是行动,而不是谈“群体免疫”这个理论。

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