ON JANUARY 1st the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science. It brought into force a policy, foreshadowed two years earlier, that research it supports (it is the world’s biggest source of charitable money for scientific endeavors, to the tune of some $4bn a year) must, when published, be freely available to all. On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that it will pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely available papers.

　　1月1日，比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会启动实施了一项两年前就开始酝酿的政策，这或许有助于改变科学界的一个惯例。按照该政策，该基金会赞助的科研项目(比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会是全球科研赞助规模最大的慈善基金会，每年资助额度高达40亿美元左右)必须将公布的科研成果提供给各方无偿使用。3月23日，比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会又发表声明称，将出资把此类科研成果纳入一个专门的免费科研论文库。

　　To a layman, this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking. But the crucial word is “freely”. It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for. No pay walls. No journal subscriptions. That is not a new idea, but the foundation’s announcement gives it teeth. It means recipients of Gates’ largesse can no longer offer their wares to journals such as Nature, the New England Journal of Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, since reading the contents of these publications costs money.

　　对圈外人来说，这种做法似乎既无争议也无创新。但是，重点在于“免费”二字。期刊杂志如果刊登由盖茨基金会赞助的科研论文不得另行收费，不得设置付费门槛，也不得收取订阅费。虽然这并不是什么创新的想法，但是该基金会在声明中还是明确了其约束力。这意味着盖茨基金会的受捐者不得再向《自然》、《新英格兰医学期刊》或《美国国家科学院院刊》等收费期刊投稿。

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