That will hurt. Publication in such Premier-league journals is the stuff careers are built on. But it will also hurt the journals themselves. Their prestige is based on their ability to pick and publish only the best. If some work is out of bounds to them, no matter how good it is, that will diminish their quality. And if other patrons of science follow suit, those journals’ businesses could begin to crumble. Moreover, by actively directing the beneficiaries of its patronage towards the repository in question, set up last year by the Wellcome Trust (after Gates, the world’s second-largest medical-research charity), the foundation is pointing to a specific type of alternative—and to a future for scientific publication that, if not completely journal-free, is likely to be at least, “journal-lite”.

　　这项政策将会造成负面影响，因为在这些顶级期刊上发表研究成果事关很多人的职业发展。而且，这些期刊自身也会受到影响。这些期刊之所以声名卓著是因为他们能够优中选精，只刊登最顶尖的科研成果。如果有些成果不合乎标准，无论内容再好也不予刊登，因为那会降低刊物的水准。如果其他的科研赞助者纷纷效仿该基金会的做法，这些期刊将会面临经营状况堪忧的局面。除此之外，通过积极引导受资助者将其研究成果放入维康信托基金会去年建立的资料库(该信托基金是仅次于比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会的世界第二大医疗慈善机构)，盖茨基金会为科研成果发布提供了一个新的具体渠道，也指明了其未来的发展方向，即便做不到完全摆脱期刊，至少也要“减少对期刊的依赖”。

　　One criticism, in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments, is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work. Journals, in other words, should have no cover or subscription price. A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long. Months—sometimes years—can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish, and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments. That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary, and thus slows down the progress of science. Third, though this is less easy to prove, many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors’ papers, or, conversely, that cabals of mates scratch each others’ backs, review-wise.

　　当今世界，多数非商业性科研活动都是由政府资助的。因此，有人就认为既然用纳税人的钱搞科研，那么查阅相关研究成果就不应再另行付费。换句话说，期刊不能明码标价或收取订阅费。还有人认为论文发表耗时太长，一名满怀希望的科研人员找到一家愿意为其发表论文的期刊后，还要等待同行评审以及沟通修改论文内容，这个过程短则数月，长则数年。这样一来，其他科研人员也就无法及时了解这些新的科研成果，科学发展的步伐也由此放缓。此外，尽管更难佐证，但是许多研究人员怀疑竞争对手有时利用同行匿名评审来推迟自己的论文发表时间，或者认为有些研究人员之间结党营私，搞小动作，在同行评审时相互给予方便。

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