2020年CATTI笔译三级词汇和语法专项试题(五)
来源 :中华考试网 2020-09-30
中请从以下四个选项中挑出最符合句子意思的选项:
Home to ___ and gansters, rich and poor, refugees and artists, New York was, in its prime, a metropolis that showcased all the hues of the human character. A. magnetsB. magnatesC. machinesD. magnitudes
参考译文:B. magnates
解析:对于这题,除了靠了真的了解每一个选项意思来选择——即很“暴力”地拥有海量词汇量的情况下,还有一种方法可以帮助我们得到正确的答案。这两种方法的基础是对整个句子意思的理解:New York是一个大都市,行行色色人等皆有。因此,才会容得下rich and poor, refugees and artist。而从语法的角度来看,rich 和poor,refugees 和artist都是意思相对的,是两种不同群的对比。那么,什么词会与ganster呢?用排除法来的话,首先可以排除的是machine和magnet,前者是“机器”之义,而后者则是“磁铁”的意思,与ganster不在同一个类别。Magnitude的意思是"(地震)震级",即Magnitude is used in stating the size or extent of something such as a star, earthquake, or explosion. 也与ganster没有关联性。这样一来,就剩下了B. magnets了。Magnet的英文解释是:A magnate is someone who has earned a lot of money from a particular business or industry. 即“巨头”或“大亨”。例如:...a multimillionaire shipping magnate. /资产达数百万的船业巨头。这里,“企业大亨”和“黑帮匪徒”算是一个在天上,一个在地人的两种不同阶层了。与rich and poor的对比是平行的。
请从以下四个选项中找出最符合句子意思的选项:
Who ____ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon? A. you saidB. you did sayC. did you sayD. did you say that
参考答案:C. did you say
解析:这一题英文就是考一个点——一般疑问句的句型。如果将这个句子变成陈述句,可能大家都不会感觉有什么特别的:You said who was comign to see me in my office this afternoon. 不过,变成了疑问句的话,就会由于did you say而变成干扰项。
请从以下四个选项中找出最符合句子意思的选项:
Agronomist are increasingly worried about "desertification," the phenomenon that is turning many of the world's ____ fields and pastures into ____wastlands, unable to support the people living on them. A. fertile...barrenB. productive... bloomingC. arid... thrivingD. poorest..marginal
参考答案:A. fertile...barren
解析:大部分同学选的是A。从题目的内容是指“去森林化”现象,同时指出这种现象的极端变化,也就用到了两个“反义”词。在四个选项里,也只有A和C是这种情况。不过,C的arid和thriving的顺序反了,不是森林消失的过程。
请从以四个选项中挑选最符合题目意思的选项:
It's necessary for _____ more quality houses built next year. A. there to beB. there beingC. there isD. there are
参考答案:B. there being
解析:这一题从选项上来看,考点是一个不太常的句型,即考there be的在It's necessary for的句子结构中的表现方式。于是乎,如何理解It's necessary for的句型模式就至关重要了。从一般情况来分析,It's necessary +for+逻辑主语+to do sth 的句型很是平常,不过,逻辑主语如果是there的话,那么,问题就出来了:there后面直接加being也行呀!There 是一个副词,放在句首,其实引导的是一个完全倒装句的,同时,there being直接作为独立主格,也是可以的。不过,在It's necessary for的结构中,it 作为形式主,必然指代的要是逻辑主语,而there作为副词,在there be句子中是作为形式主语,在此呢,则是由it来指代了。因此,就变成了放在介词for的逻辑主语。同时,to do sth.的不定式短语放在其后,表示行为的发生。或者,将整个句子变成一个正常语序,就更能明白了:There to be more quality houses built is necessary.
请从以五个选项中挑选最符合题目意思的选项:
Far from viewing Jefferson as a skeptical but enlightened intellectual, historian of the 1960's portrayed him as ___ thinker, eager to fill the young with his political orthodoxy while censoring ideas he did not like. A. an adventurousB. a doctrinaireC. an eclecticD. a judiciousE. a cynical
参考答案:D. a judicious
解析:从大家的选择来看,主要集中在B和D两个选项。我们就先来看这两个词的具体意思。选项C的doctrinaire 与doctrine同源,意思是“空谈理论的; 脱离实际的; 教条主义的”,即 If you say that someone is doctrinaire or has a doctrinaire attitude, you disapprove of them because they have fixed principles which they try to force on other people. 例如:1)He is firm but not doctrinaire. /他很坚定但并不教条。2)on't be so doctrinaire about things. 别那样用理论去解释事物。选项D里judicious,从词形上来看,与judge同源,有“判断、审理”的意思,于是,这个词的意思是“明智的;有见地的;审慎的”,即If you describe an action or decision as judicious, you approve of it because you think that it shows good judgment and sense. 例如:1)The President authorizes the judicious use of military force to protect our citizens. /总统授权可以明智而审慎地动用军队保护我们的公民。2)We should listen to the judicious opinion of that old man. /我们应该听取那位老人明智的意见。从整个句子的意思来看,Jefferson对事务的判断有自己的“标准”,即他会根据自己的political orthodoxy 来对ideas进行判断和取舍。也就是说,在Jefferson年青的时候,就是一位自己的主见,有着自己的判断力的思想者。因此,用D judicious就更为准确。
请从以下四个选项中挑出最符合题意的一个选项:
The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as __________
A. possibly little nourishmentB. nourishment possibly littleC. little as possible nourishmentD. little nourishment as possible
参考答案:D. little nourishment as possible
解析:这一题里,很明显有as...as possible的搭配。不过,由于形容词little修饰有名词nourishment,则要将as possible放在little nourishment之后。另外,see在这里并不是“看到”的意思,而是“明白、理会”的意思,即.If you see what someone means or see why something happened, you understand what they mean or understand why it happened. 例如:I don't see why you're complaining./我不明白你有什么可抱怨的。
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