B卷

一、单项选择题(本大题共42小题，每小题1分，共42分)

在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.目前的细菌毒素中毒性最强的是(      )

A.肉毒毒素                                                      B.破伤风毒素

C.白喉毒素                                                      D.志贺毒素

2.丝虫的感染阶段是(      )

A.丝状蚴                                                         B.微丝蚴

C.尾蚴                                                             D.囊尾蚴

3.属于自身抗原的是(      )

A.ABO血型抗原                                              B.肺炎球菌荚膜多糖

C.HLA抗原                                                      D.眼晶体蛋白

4.急性中毒性菌痢的主要临床症状是(      )

A.全身中毒症状                                               B.腹痛、腹泻

C.剧烈呕吐                                                      D.脓血粘液便

5.肺炎链球菌的主要致病物质是(      )

A.外毒素                                                         B.荚膜

C.内毒素                                                         D.自溶酶

6.人类免疫缺陷病毒的传播途径不包括(      )

A.性交                                                             B.血制品

C.母婴垂直                                                      D.呼吸道途径

7.最有效的激活初始T细胞的免疫细胞是(      )

A.巨噬细胞                                                      B.树突状细胞

C.B细胞                                                          D.上皮细胞

8.在我国主要流行的疟原虫是(      )

A.恶性疟原虫和卵形疟原虫                             B.恶性疟原虫和三日疟原虫

C.间日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫                             D.间日疟原虫和恶性疟原虫

9.获得人工主动免疫的方式是(      )

A.接种疫苗                                                      B.隐性感染

C.显性感染                                                      D.母乳喂养

10.人口腔菌群中厌氧菌所占细菌总数的(      )

A.30％～50％                                                  B.50％～70％

C.70％～90％                                                  D.98％～99％

11.黄曲霉素主要损害(      )

A.心脏                                                             B.肝脏

C.肾脏                                                             D.肺脏

12.葡萄球菌感染灶易局限化的原因是(      )

A.杀白细胞素                                                  B.血浆凝固酶

C.溶血素                                                         D.透明质酸酶

13.CD3的功能主要是(      )

A.T细胞激活的辅助受体                                 B.传递T细胞激活的第一信号

C.传递T细胞激活的第二信号                          D.结合MHC分子

14.支原体与病毒的相同点是(      )

A.能在无生命培养基上生长                             B.个体微小并能通过滤菌器

C.胞膜中含大量胆固醇                                    D.对抗生素敏感

15.细胞因子不具备的特性是(      )

A.多效性                                                         B.拮抗性

C.重叠性                                                         D.特异性

16.肉毒杆菌引起的食物中毒以(      )

A.神经系统症状为主                                        B.消化系统症状为主

C.呼吸系统症状为主                                        D.运动系统症状为主

17.表达HLAⅠ类分子密度最高的细胞是(      )

A.树突状细胞                                                  B.血管内皮细胞

C.巨噬细胞                                                      D.淋巴细胞

18.机体抗移植物排斥反应属(      )

A.Ⅰ型超敏反应                                               B.Ⅱ型超敏反应

C.Ⅲ型超敏反应                                               D.Ⅳ型超敏反应

19.与病毒遗传变异有关的物质是(      )

A.质粒                                                             B.衣壳蛋白

C.核酸                                                             D.脂多糖

20.阴道毛滴虫可引起(      )

A.脓血便                                                         B.夏季腹泻

C.阴道炎                                                         D.脑积水

21.属于条件致病菌的细菌是(      )

A.布氏杆菌                                                      B.百日咳杆菌

C.大肠埃希菌                                                  D.炭疽杆菌

22.引起疟疾复发是由于(      )

A.红细胞外期裂体增殖                                    B.红细胞内期裂体增殖

C.速发型子孢子存在                                        D.迟发型子孢子存在

23.补体经典途经中各成分激活顺序为(      )

A.C1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9                                        B.C1-2-4-5-3-6-7-8-9

C.C1-4-2-3-5-6-7-8-9                                        D.C1-2-4-3-5-6-7-8-9

24.流感病毒中最易发生变异的是(      )

A.甲型流感病毒的NA                                      B.乙型流感病毒的NA

C.甲型流感病毒的HA                                      D.乙型流感病毒的HA

25.与变形杆菌有共同抗原成分的是(      )

A.衣原体                                                         B.支原体

C.立克次体                                                      D.螺旋体

26.痢疾阿米巴的生活史为(      )

A.包囊→小滋养体→包囊                                 B.包囊→大滋养体→包囊

C.包囊→囊蚴→大滋养体                                 D.小滋养体→大滋养体→小滋养体

27.针对不同抗原上的相同决定基的免疫反应称(      )

A.非特异性反应                                               B.混合反应

C.交叉反应                                                      D.过敏反应

28.细菌属于原核细胞型微生物的主要依据是(      )

A.单细胞，结构简单                                        B.无核膜，细胞器不完善

C.二分裂方式繁殖                                           D.有细胞壁，对抗生素敏感

29.免疫球蛋白的分类根据是(      )

A.H链和L链的不同                                        B.V区和二硫键的不同

C.L链恒定区的不同                                         D.H链恒定区的不同

30.最早发现病毒的学者是(      )

A.伊凡诺夫斯基                                               B.巴斯德

C.郭霍                                                             D.李斯特

31.关于麻疹病毒，错误的是(      )

A.隐性感染较多见                                           B.只有一个血清型

C.病后有牢固免疫性                                        D.主要通过飞沫传播

32.血吸虫的致病作用主要是(      )

A.尾蚴                                                             B.成虫

C.虫卵                                                             D.幼虫

33.川卷螺是肺吸虫的(      )

A.终末宿主                                                      B.储蓄宿主

C.转继宿主                                                      D.中间宿主

34.血管中抗细菌感染主要依靠(      )

A.sIgA                                                             B.IgG

C.IgM                                                              D.IgE

35.人体囊虫病是指(      )

A.猪囊尾蚴寄生于人体所致的疾病                   B.牛囊尾蚴寄生于人体所致的疾病

C.细粒棘球蚴寄生于人体所致的疾病               D.曼氏裂头蚴寄生于人体所致的疾病

36.下列有关菌落的叙述，错误的是(      )

A.培养基中需含有特殊营养                             B.需要固体培养基

C.由一个细菌细胞增殖而形成                          D.是千万个细菌形成的集团

37.需有抗体参与的免疫效应不包括(      )

A.NK细胞杀伤靶细胞                                      B.ADCC作用

C.补体经典途径激活                                        D.中和毒素作用

38.用透明胶纸法检查蛲虫，宜选在(      )

A.清晨排便后                                                  B.清晨排便前

C.上午10∶00至下午2∶00                             D.晚上10∶00至次日凌晨2∶00

39.溶菌酶溶菌作用的机制是(      )

A.切断肽聚糖的聚糖骨架                                 B.抑制四肽侧链与五肽交联桥的连接

C.损伤细胞膜的通透性                                    D.干扰细菌蛋白质的合成

40.补体参与的生物学作用是(      )

A.卵磷脂酶溶解红细胞                                    B.特异性抗体介导红细胞溶解

C.ADCC效应                                                   D.中和毒素作用

41.诺卡氏放线菌主要存在于(      )

A.土壤中                                                         B.河水中

C.空气中                                                         D.人体和动物体

42.梅毒的唯一传染源是(      )

A.猫                                                                B.人

C.鼠                                                                D.蚊