Directions: Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s).

　　1. Language teaching involves three main disciplines. They are linguistics, psychology and ____.

　　2. Linguistics is the study of language as a system of human ____.

　　3. Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental processes that a person uses in producing and understanding language, and how humans learn ____.

　　4. _____ is the study of second and foreign language teaching and learning.

　　5. Sociology is the study of language in relation to ____, such as social class, educational level and so on.

　　6. At a macro level, society and community influence classroom teaching ____.

　　7. The making of foreign language education policy must take into consideration the ____ and educational situation of the country.

　　8. The goals for secondary education are ____ from those for higher education.

　　9. Syllabus determines teaching aims, objectives, contents and ____.

　　10. Teaching materials should agree with or reflect the teaching ____, aims, objectives and teaching methods.

　　11. The ____ approach to language study is concerned with language as an instrument of social interaction rather than as a system that is viewed in isolation.

　　12. The ____ approach to language is to see it in terms of the bits and pieces by means of which it is put together.

　　13. The most common word order in English is ____, with other sentence constituents draped around these key parts in various ways.

　　14. According to the functionalists, language has three functions: ____, expressive, and social.

　　15. ____ is the study of how words combine to form sentences and the rules which govern the formation of sentences.

　　16. According to Skinner, language behavior can only be studied through observation of the ____ factors.

　　17. According to the behaviorists, all learning takes place through ____.

　　18. Mentalism holds that a human being possesses a mind which has consciousness, ideas, etc., and the mind can influence the ____ of the body.

　　19. The interactionalist’s position is that language develops as a result of the complex ____ between the uniquely human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops.

　　20. Chomsky refers to the child’s innate endowment as ____, a set of principles which are common to all languages.

　　21. If the aim of a lesson is “To learn the names of colours” the lesson may focus on a particular ______ .

　　22. The cardinal rule means _________________ .

　　23. “Knowing English” must mean knowing how to __________ in English.

　　24. The three main things that a learner has to acquire when learning a new structure are the form, meaning and _____ of the structure.

　　25. The attitudinal and emotional factors can be expressed in an item of vocabulary. These are often referred to as ____.

　　26. ____ refers to varieties of language defined by their topic and context of use.

　　27. Animal is a super-ordinate term, while cow, horse, pig, dog, cat, etc. are ____.

　　28. There is a lack of consistency between ____ and pronunciation in English.

　　29. Grammar is a description of the ____ of a language and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases are combined to produce sentences in the language.

　　30. The emphasis of the product perspective on grammar is on the component parts of the language system, divided up into separate forms. Each form is the ____ of the grammarian’s analysis.

　　31. Process teaching engages learners in ____, formulating their own meanings in contexts over which they have considerable control.

　　32. When we teach grammar as ____, the learner is required to attend to grammar, while working on tasks which retain an emphasis on language use.

　　33. The complex form-function relationship is not a simplified, a one-to-one ____.

　　34. ________ are represented by phonetic symbols because there is no one-to-one correspondence between written letters and spoken sounds.

　　35. ________ is often described as the music of speech—the way the voice goes up and down as we speak.

　　36. Most contributors to the Communicative Approach share the view that language is used for communication and are more concerned with meaning than with ____________.

　　37. At one time ______________ was called Classical Method since it was first used in the teaching of the classical languages of Latin and Greek.

　　38. When we use the word __________________ we mean that an idea or theory is being applied: that whatever the teacher does, certain theoretical principles are always borne in mind.

　　39. A __________________ is a set of procedures or a collection of techniques used in a systematic way which it is hoped will result in efficient learning.

　　40. The three major causes for errors are: mother tongue interference, ______________________, and inappropriate teaching materials or methods.

　　参考答案：1. pedagogy 2. communication 3. language 4. Applied linguistics 5. social factors 6.indirectly 7. economic 8.different 9. methods 10. principles 11. functional

　　12 structural 13. SVO 14. descriptive 15. Syntax 16. external 17. habit formation 18. behavior 19. interplay 20. universal grammar 21. topic 22. one thing at a time

　　23. communicate 24. use 25. connotation or affective meaning 26. Register 27. hyponyms 28. spelling 29. structure 30. product 31. language use 32. skill

　　33. correspondence, or: relationship 34. Sound 35. Intonation 36. structure

　　37. the grammar-translation method 38. approach 39. method 40. overgeneralization