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自学考试《美国文学选读》复习试题及答案

来源 :中华考试网 2016-12-23

  1The Colonial Period (1607-1765)

  American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th)

  北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息,夫妻恩爱)

  Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响(metaphysical)

  2The Enlightenment and Revolution Period

  Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源

  3American Romanticismend of 18 th  to the civil war )

  American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.

  早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature 短篇小说

  James Fenimore Cooper 历史,冒险,边疆小说《The Leather-stocking Tales>文明发展对大自然的摧残与破坏

  William Cullen Bryant 美国第一个浪漫主义诗人《To a Waterfowl>美国山水,讴歌大自然,歌颂美国生活现实

  Edgar Allan Poe ---(48 poems,70 short stories)

  He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake.”

  He was father of psychoanalytic criticism , and the detective story.

  Ralph Waldo Emerson---The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism

  American Transcendentalism (also known as “ American Renaissance” ) It is the high tide of American romanticism Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 《Nature》---the Bible of Transcendentalism by Emerson 《Self-Reliance》表达他的超验主义观点

  Henry David Thoreau------ Walden

  he regarded nature as a symbol of spirit.Thoreau was very critical of modern civilization.

  小说家:Hawthorne-赞成超验He is a master of symbolism The Scarlet Letter《红字》

  Melville 怀疑,悲观,sailing experiences Moby Dick百科全书式性质/海洋作品/动物史诗

  诗人Longfellow《 I Shot an Arrow...》《A Psalm of Life》第一首被完整地介绍到中国的美国诗歌

  Whitman (Free Verse---without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme )

  《Leaves of Grass》《 One's Self I Sing》《O Captain! My Captain!》song

  Dickinson inner life of the individual ---died for beauty

  4 The Age of Realism

  James upper reaches of American society. <一位女士的肖像》inner world of man

  Howells, concerned himself chiefly with middle class life.

  Twain the lower strata of society. humor and local colorism

  

  American Naturalism 自然主义(新型现实)

  Stephen Crane;《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》《The Red Badge of Courage》pessimistic

  Theodore Dreiser;Sister Carrie;Jennie Gerhardt;An American Tragedy(Trilogy of Desire)

  O.Henry (William Sydney Porter):The Gift of the Magi;The Cop and the anthem

  Jack London:The Call of the Wild;Martin Eden

  5 The Modern Period   The 1920s-1930s ( the second renaissance of American literature)

  The Roaring Twenties ,The Jazz Age ,“lost”(Gertrude Stein) and “waste land”(T.S.Eliot)

  现代主义小说家

  F. Scott Fitzgerald:《The Great Gatsby》 被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征,以美国梦American Dream为主线。

  Hemingway迷惘一代Iceberg Principle (Theory):The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.

  《The Sun Also Rises 1926》《The Old Man and the Sea 》

  William Faulkner :Yoknapatawpha Country---以故乡为原型虚构南方贵族家庭的没落

  The Sound and the Fury 取自莎士比亚的《麦克白》

  Anderson :《Winesburg, Ohio 》,又称“小镇畸人”

  现代主义诗人:Two characteristic strains:introspection自省&social criticism

  Imagism 意象派

  Pound:《In a Station of the Metro》《Cantos》

  Stevens:《Anecdote of the Jar》〈The Man with the Blue Guitar>

  Williams:

  T.S.Eliot::

  浪漫派:Frost:《The Road Not Taken》《Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 》

  Hughes:---Poet Laureate of Harlem,Harlem Renaissance 开创黑人文学

  Dreams 《梦想》 Border Line 《分界线》

  6、当代,后现代时期 The Post-War Period (The Beat Generation ,Black Humor,寻找自我)

  Ellison(黑人): Invisible Man 《看不见的人》---“寻找自我”主题的代表作

  Allen Ginsberg(Jewish):《Howl》—跨掉的一代代表作

  Heller:Catch-22 《第二十二条军规》---黑色幽默代表作

  J.D.Salinger(Jewish):《Catcher in the Rye>

  Bellow(Jewish):

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