46. "The first shot I made among these creatures, I killed a she-goat which had a little kid by her which

　　she gave suck to, which grieved me heartily; but when the old one fell, the kid stood stock still by her

　　till I came and took her up, and not only so, but when I carried the old one with me upon my shoulders,

　　the kid followed me quite to my enclosure, upon which I laid down the dam, and took the kid in my arms,

　　and carried it over my pale, in hopes to have it bred up tame, but it would not eat, so I was forced to

　　kill it and eat it myself; these two supplied me with flesh a great while, for I ate sparingly; and saved

　　my provisions (my bread especially) as much as possibly I could."

　　This is a very significant sentence with great details that reveals the character of Robinson Crusoe.

　　What aspects of Crusoe’s character are revealed then?

　　参考答案:

　　1) In most of his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his

　　sympathy for the lower-class people. Robinson Crusoe was such a character.

　　2) Robison goes out to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned/landed on a lonely island, struggles to live

　　for 24 years there and finally is saved by a ship and returns to England. During the period Robinson

　　leads a harsh and lonely life and survives by growing corps, taming animals, etc. growing from a na?ve

　　young man into a hardened man.

　　3) With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy (精力充沛), courage and persistence in overcoming

　　difficulties(在克服困难方面持之以恒), in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype /

　　representative of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. (他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民

　　者的先驱).

　　4) In the novel, Defoe glorified human labor and the puritan fortitude which the middle class praised

　　highly, so he can be regarded as a spokesman of the bourgeois. (P98-100)

　　47. Situational irony occurs when what happens turns out to be quite different from what is expected;

　　sometimes what happen is just the opposite of what is expected. In "Indian Camp," Hemingway makes a

　　successful use of this kind of irony.

　　Please illustrate it with some examples.

　　(本题属于超纲题，书上没有现成的答案，可忽略不计)

　　48. "The only thing I don’t like, she proceeded, is the society." ("Daisy Miller" by Henry James)

　　What kind of society does Daisy not like? Why?

　　参考答案:

　　She doesn’t like the old world ---European life. Because she is the American Girl in Europe, a

　　celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her

　　character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the

　　Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures. (P499---500)

　　IV Topic Discussion

　　49. List three distinctive features of English Renaissance movement in literature and then illustrate

　　each with proofs from either the concerned chapter in your textbook or your own reading.

　　参考答案:

　　1) The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation. Petrarch was

　　regarded as the fountainhead of literature by the English writers. Wyatt introduced the Petrachan sonnet

　　into England and Surrey brought in blank verse.

　　2) The Elizabethan drama, in its totality, is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The Greek

　　and Roman Drams had a great influence on the Elizabeth Drama, especially on Shakespeare’s tragedies. E.g.

　　Hamlet, the first of the great tragedies, is regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage.

　　3) Francis Bacon, the first important English essayist, is best known for his essays which greatly

　　influenced the development of his literary form. He was the founder of modern science in England.

　　(P10---12)

　　50. "My faith is gone!" cried he (Goodman Brown), after one stupefied moment. "There is no good on earth;

　　and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is this world given."

　　Comment on this passage from Hawthorne’s "Young Goodman Brown".

　　参考答案:

　　1) Allegorically, Young Goodman Brown becomes an Everyman called Brown, who will be aged in one night by

　　an evil adventure, and the evilness makes everyone a fallen idol in the world.

　　2) "My Faith is gone" is a pun, it means my wife has disappeared or my faith to God has gone. In the

　　angle of Symbol: "Brown look up to the Heaven and resist the wicked one" symbols Brown has the force to

　　resist the evilness of the Nature and he still has the faith to God; but "he is alone in the forest"

　　symbols the society is the place full of sins and evilness, Brown’s strength is not enough at all; then

　　after returning, he lives a dismal and gloomy life symbols he has been crushed down by the social

　　evilness and lost his belief in goodness and piety. (P434—435)