一、阅读判断 (共 10小题，共计 20分)

　　二、单项选择题(共45小题，共计 80分)

　　Ⅰ. Reading Judgment (True or False) ( 20')

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the following 10 questions. If the statement agrees with the information given in the passage. You choose A for True; and if statement contradicts the information given in the passage, you choose B for False.

　　Ability to Learn

　　People differ in their ability to learn. They differ in the amount of ability they have, as well as in the kind of ability they have. Some students can barely get passing marks in high school, while others earn all A’s. Certain students are successful in mathematics and science but do poorly in literature and history. Other students do well in literature and history and poorly in science and mathematics.

　　It is hard to find out what causes these differences. Are they due to the person’s background — tothe kind of home or neighborhood in which he grew up and the kind of experiences he had? Or is a person’s ability to learn passed on to him from his ancestors, along with such traits as the texture of his hair and the color of his eyes?

　　Most studies of these questions seem to point to the fact that both the conditions under which a person grows up (his environment) and the traits passed on to him from his ancestors (his inheritance) determine how well the person learns. It is true that some families have an unusually large number of gifted members. But these families may live in homes in which there are books and other opportunities for learning. The parents may be concerned with their children’s success in school. In other families there are generations of people with very modest abilities. In these families, interest in learning may not be encouraged.

　　Differences between boys and girls in ability to learn have also been reported. Generally, however, the differences have been small. Girls tend to have slightly better grades in elementary school, and they re slightly better in work skills than boys. Boys, on the average, get higher scores on mathematical learning tasks and in science and mechanics.

　　It is doubtful that the differences reported in learning reflect physical differences between boys and girls. It is more likely that the differences in learning reflect a general feeling among people in the Western world. Certain tasks are popularly felt to be best suited to girls and others best suited to boys.

　　It is thought by many people that children learn more easily than adults. But children are not necessarily the best learners. The ability to remember numbers, to memorize poetry, or to learn school subjects increases as people grow older. In many of these tasks a person can achieve nearly twice as much at the age of 20 as he can at the age of 10. After the age of 25 the ability to acquire new learning begins to drop somewhat. This drop continues for the rest of one’s life. But it is not the same for all subjects. The ability to learn routine tasks falls off faster than the ability to learn meaningful material. It also seems to be true that people who are intelligent and well educated show less of a drop than others in ability to learn as they grow older.

　　The rapid growth of technical and other information in this century has made learning particularly important. But many questions wait for answers. Much research is going on in psychological laboratories. Psychologists want to know how memory works. In what way is an ability to learn affected by the skills we have learned before? Do human beings have certain inborn abilities that make it possible for them to learn some skills more easily than others?

　　The need for learning and remembering is especially important to students. Perhaps your task as a student will be made easier as more is discovered about learning.

　　1. Different people have different abilities to learn.

　　A. True B. False

　　2. A person’s ability to learn, as well as the traits of the texture of his hair and the color of his eyes, is inherited from his ancestor.

　　A. True B. False

　　3. The two factors — both the environment and the inheritance — play a crucial role in deciding a person’s ability to learn.

　　A. True B. False

　　4. The parents of the families which have an extremely large number of capable members pay more attention to their children’s achievements in study.

　　A. True B. False

　　5. Due to their physical distinctions, boys and girls make an enormous difference in their ability to learn.

　　A. True B. False

　　6. It is widely believed that some tasks are appropriate to girls as well as boys.

　　A True B. False

　　7. It is universally accepted that children can learn better than adults.

　　A. True B. False

　　8. All people’s ability to acquire new things will decline at the same speed after they are 25.

　　A. True B. False

　　9. No questions about people’s ability to learn remain to be resolved.

　　A. True B. False

　　10. The more about learning is revealed, the easier the students study will be.

　　A. True B. False