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2017年中考英语语法专题详解十二

来源 :中华考试网 2016-11-02

  专题十二 祈使句、感叹句

  一、祈使句

  (一)、祈使句的结构及用法

  祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句点。

  1. 肯定的祈使句

  (1)动词原形+其他

  如: Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

  但有时会在句首加上主语或加呼语,以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。呼语常与句子隔开,动词仍然用原形。

  如: Mary, clean the windows!And you boys,wash the floor!

  (2)Be + adj.

  如:Be careful! = Look out! = Take care!

  (3)Let's + 动词原形

  如:Let’s go to school together.

  2. 否定的祈使句

  (1) Don't + 动词原形

  如: Don't stand up. Don't be careless. Don't let them play with fire.

  (2) Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形

  如: Let's not say anything about it.

  3.祈使句的反意疑问句

  (1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

  如: Please open the door, will/ won’t you?

  (2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

  如: Don't be late again, will you?

  (3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we,let us开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.

  如:Let us stay here, will/ won't you?

  Let's turn on the TV, shall we?

  4. 特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用谓语动词表示外,还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如:Help! Patience! Quickly! Hands up!

  5. 祈使句的强调形式。有时为了加强语气,可以再动词前加上do,表示“务必,一定”。

  如:Do be careful!

  (二)、祈使句用于两个重要句型中

  1.“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。

  2.“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则;要不然”。

  如:Hurry up , and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up,you’ll catch the train.)

  Hurry up,or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll miss the train.)

  二、感叹句

  (一)感叹句的结构及用法

  感叹句是抒发强烈感情的句子,如欢乐、兴奋、惊奇、愤怒、悲伤等,书面语中句末用感叹号。常由what或者how引导,都表示“多么”。

  1、 what引导的感叹句 what修饰名词或名词短语,有以下两种形式:

  (1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!

  如: What a nice girl (she is)!

  What an interesting movie(it is)!

  (2)What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!

  如:What kind women they are!

  What nice music/bad weather/good news(it is)!

  2、how引导的感叹句 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构有:

  (1)How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!

  如:How hard the workers work!

  How clever the girl is!

  注意:当how修饰动词时,动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。

  如:How fast the runner runs!

  (2)How +形容词+ a +名词+ 主语+谓语。

  如:How clever a boy he is!

  (二)特殊形式的感叹句

  1、在口语中常用省略句,有时只用一个词或词组。

  如:Great ! How cold ! Look out! What a fool! What a pity! My goodness!

  2、Here/There开头的感叹句:

  (1).Here/There+主语(代词)+谓语

  如:Here he comes!

  (2).Here/There+谓语+主语(名词)

  如:Here comes the bus!

  实战演练(2×50) 计分:

  1. ___ food you've cooked!

  A. How a nice  B. What a nice  C. What nice

  2. ___terrible weather we are having these days!

  A. What  B. What a   C. How

  3. --- __ ___ I had!

  --- You really had a lot.

  A. What a great time  B. What great time   C. How great time

  4. __________ he runs!

  A. How fast B. What fast C. What a fast

  5. The TV is too loud. Please________.

  A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turning down it

  6. _______ late again, Bill!

  A. Don't B. Don't be C. Not be

  7. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.

  A. Not B. Doesn't C. Don't

  8. Please help me carry it, ___ ___?

  A. will I B. will you C. shall we

  9. Don't make so much noise, ____ __?

  A. will you B. won't you C. shall we

  10. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.

  A. brings B. bring C. bringing

  11. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.

  A. Telling B. To tell C. Tell

  12. ---________ nice girl Alice is!

  ---Yes, she is always ready to help others.

  A. What a B. How C. What

  13. ________ exciting it was to see the 2010 EXPO!

  A. What B. What an C. How

  14. __________ the lights when you leave a room.

  A. Turn off B. Turning off C. To turn off

  15. _______ tall the girl is! She is sure to become a good basketball player.

  A. How B. What a C. What

  16. ---Try not to be late for school next time.

  ---Sure, I ________.

  A. don’t B. won’t C. haven’t

  17. ___ ____she dances!

  A. How good B. How well C. What well

  18. _ _ __ bright girls they are!

  A. What B. What a C. How

  19. __ __ hard work it is!

  A. How B. What C. What a

  20. Please _ ___, they’re having a meeting.

  A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. no speaking

  21. ___ _ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.

  A. Not forget B. Forget not C Don’t forget

  22. Lucy, __ __ the door or someone will come in.

  A. close B. closes C. closing

  23. ___________play soccer in the streets. It’s too dangerous.

  A. Let’s B. Don’t C. Do

  24. __ __ friendly he is!

  A. What B. How C. What a

  25. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ___ _?

  A. won’t we B. will you C. shall we

  26. A sign with the words“__ __” is often found in a bus.

  A. No parking B. No smoking C. Turn Left

  27.___ __his father works!

  A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful

  28. ____ __heavy snow!

  A. What a B. What C. How

  29. _______the mooncakes are!

  A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious

  30. Cindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock.

  A. is sure that B. will be sure C. be sure

  31. Let us do it at once, ________ ?

  A. shall we B will you C do we

  32. Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.

  A . not B. don’t C. aren’t

  33. ______ tell a lie.

  A. Not B. No C. Never

  34. --You look very tired. ________ stopping to have a rest?

  -- All right.

  A. Why not B. How about C. Why don’t

  35. They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?

  A. not they B. no they C. don’t they

  36. ________ your child. We’ll look after him.

  A. Not to worry about B. Don’t worry about C. No worry about

  37. ________ talk any more! It’s time for class!

  A. Stop B. Don’t C. No

  38. _________ exciting news! We’ll have a long vacation after the exam.

  A. How B. What an C. What

  39. __________ speak loudly in the movie theater.

  A. Can’t B. Don’t C. Not

  40. It’s 7:30 now. Let’s ________ work.

  A. go B. going to C. go to

  41. ________ time flies!

  A. What B. How C. What a

  42. _________ a pity!

  A. How B. What C. How a

  43. Let’s ________ loudly in public.

  A. don’t talk B. no talking C. not talk

  44. ________ Mr Right is!

  A. How kind man B. What kind man C. What a kind man

  45. ____ from Beijing to London!

  A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. What a long way it is

  46. ____ nice picture you gave me!

  A. How B. What C. What a

  47. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!

  A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what

  48. ____ ___ beautiful your new dress is!

  A. How B. What C. What a

  49. _ ___old bike Li Lei is riding!

  A. What a B. What an C. How

  50. _______I miss you!

  A. What B. How C. How do

  参考答案:

  1—5 C A A A A 6---10 B C B A B 11---15 C A C A A 16---20 B B A B B

  21---25 C A B B C 26---30 B B B A C 31---35 B B C B C 36---40 B B C B C

  41---45 B B C C C 46---50 C A A B B

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