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2016年中考英语考点分析:介词

来源 :中华考试网 2016-04-28

  介词

  一.介词at/ in /on .

  1.表示时间:

  1).表示某一具体时间点,某一时刻/ 年龄

  at six o’clock at noon at that time

  at the moment at the age of at night

  2)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时)

  in the morning/afternoon /evening

  in spring /in 2007/in March

  in the twenty-first century

  in his fifties

  3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.

  On Monday on New Year’s Day

  on Sunday morning on a rainy night

  on the evening of April 1st ,2007

  2表地点:

  1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置

  at the station at the cinema

  2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.

  in China in the classroom

  3)on 指在某物体的表面上.

  on the desk

  注意:

  写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可.

  He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.

  二.介词in /on / to 表方位:

  1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)

  Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .

  2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)

  Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .

  3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)

  Japan is _____ the east of China .

  三. between / among 在……之间

  1.between :指两者之间. 在…….之间.

  2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中.

  You sit _____ him and me .

  The song is popular ______ the students.

  四.after / in 在……之后

  1. after

  1)after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时.

  2)after 作介词. after doing sth

  2.in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时.

  He came back ______ two days .

  He will go home___finishing his homework .

  He will come back _____ two days .

  五.with / in / by 表示 “用……”

  1.with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官.

  He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .

  注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”

  He came in _____ a big smile on his face .

  2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.

  Can you say it _____English ?

  He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .

  3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法

  I study for a test _____ working with a group .

  He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .

  注意: 同义词组

  1).by phone = on the phone

  2).by car = in a car

  3).in pen = with a pen = with pens

  六.across / through / over / by 经过

  1.across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.

  2.through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.

  3.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.

  4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.

  Can you swim ______ the river ?

  the elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .

  I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence.

  I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .

  七.in front of / in the front of

  1.in the front of 表示在…….内部的前面

  2.in front of 表示在……外面的前面

  There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom .

  There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.

  八.其它介词的用法:

  1.at的其它用法.

  1).表示 “从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.

  She is at work now = She is working now .

  2)at表示 “价格或速度”

  The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .

  2.in的其它用法:

  1)in表示 “在……方面”

  词组:do well in = be good at

  be weak in

  2)in 表示 “穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.

  词组: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服

  3)in作副词, “在家” = at home

  3.like 的用法:

  1).像/和……一样. 常与系动词连用.

  词组: look like sound like

  2).与what 连用, “是什么样子, 怎样”.

  What is he like ? He is kind .

  4.off的用法:

  1).从……下来, 脱离某物体.

  词组: fall off

  2). “休假”通常放在时间名词之后.

  词组: have +时间+ off

  He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .

  5.except / besides

  1).except 除了…….之外, 都……. . 不包括在范围之内.

  注: nothing but … 除了……之外,什么也没有.

  2).besdies除了……之外,还有…… . 包括在范围之内.

  We all went swimming ______ Lucy .

  There is _______ a letter in the box .

  We study Japanese and French____ English .

  6.with / without

  1).with具有,含有 -----反义词: without 没有

  词组: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to

  without one’s help

  2).without 的用法:

  A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物

  B).without + doing sth .

  He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us

  C). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.

  If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .

  7.on the tree /in the tree

  on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.

  There are some apples _____ the tree .

  There is a boy ____ the tree.

  8.since / for

  注: since / for 用于现在完成时.

  1).since :

  a).since +时间点

  b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时

  c).since +一段时间+ ago.

  2)for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago

  9.be made +介词的区别:

  be made of 由…制成 (看得见原材料)

  be made from由…制成 (看不见原材料)

  be made in +地点 由哪儿生产

  be made by sb. 由某人制造

  10.表示 “数量的介词”

  about , round around over

  1). about , round around表示 “大约……”

  2).over 表示 “超过”= more than.

  11.inside / outside

  Inside 在……里面 ------反义词:outside在….外面

  12.in the wall /on the wall

  in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”

  九.不用介词的情况:

  1).当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词.

  What are you going to do tonight ?

  2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语.

  He went to Wuhan last week .

  3).以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词.

  He has worked all day .

  4).以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词.

  He met a bad man one cold morning .= He met a bad man on a cold morning .

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