2016年口腔助理医师考试《牙体牙髓病学》讲义:第十二章第三节
来源 :中华考试网 2016-06-19
中第三节 患牙状态
1. Is the tooth needed or important? Does it have an opponent? Could it some day serve as an abutment for prosthesis? 牙的重要性,对立牙?能不能作为桥基?
2. Is the tooth salvageable? 可修复性
3. Can the infection be controlled? 感染可否被控制
4. Is the tooth so severely involved periodontally that it would be lost soon for this reason?牙周状况
5. Is the practitioner capable of performing the needed endodontic procedures?
牙体牙髓治疗的预备
1. Radiography is needed, first as an aid to diagnosis, then periodically(定期地) during treatment.
2. Specialized endodontic instruments and equipment must be arranged for ready use.
3. Local anesthesia(局麻) of the involved tooth or area may be necessary.
4. Rubber dam placement sometimes requires special handling in endodontics.
Application of Radiography to Endodontics 牙髓病治疗中X线片的应用
(1) 有助于对牙齿及根尖周硬组织改变的诊断
(2) 确定牙根及根管的数目、位置、形状、大小及方向
(3) 在器械操作前估计和证实根管长度
(4) 通过插针X线片定位疑难根管或意外暴露的根管
(5) 有助于明确牙髓腔有无明显钙化和/或缩小
(6) 明确颊-舌向结构的相对位置
(7) 证实主尖在根管内的位置和与根管的适合情况
(8) 有助于对根管充填质量的评估
(9) 有助于检查外伤后唇、颊、舌有无碎牙片和其他异物残留(除外塑料和木头)
(10) 根尖周手术期间,有助于定位疑难根尖
(11) 根尖周手术缝合前,证实所有的牙碎片及多余的充填材料从根尖区及手术瓣膜附近清除干净
(12) 复诊时摄X线片,用于评估牙髓治疗疗效
改变水平投射角的X线摄片:
原理:随着球管X线移动方向的改变,将重叠的解剖标志物(牙根或根管)的影像向相应的颊或舌侧移动,并被显示在加拍的X线片上
其规律是:“舌侧同、颊侧反”。