2018年9月2日托福写作真题分析

　　综合点评：

　　综合写作有部分的专有名词，略有难度，但是只要记阅读笔记时能记下这些关键的专有名词，就可以给听力部分减轻很大的压力;独立写作继续讨论学生学习方面的问题。

　　综合写作

　　话题分类：生物

　　考题回忆：总论点function of cypress knees

　　阅读部分：1. bring air or oxygen to the roots of trees

　　2. serve as an anchor to support the weight of trees

　　3. give off methane emissions

　　听力部分：1. researcher Paul 做实验，把knees放入airtight container并测量氧气的消耗。

　　2. horizontal boots 在水下，knees则是在水面上

　　3. methane有可能是byproduct of the bacteria outside of the knees

　　解题思路：考试前应该熟悉生物话题相关词汇的发音与拼写

　　参考范文：The author of the reading passage explains the possible functions of cypress knees. From an opposite angle, the lecturer points out the argument is implausible due to the absence of powerful evidence.

　　The reading passage proposes that knees penetrate out of the water in order to bring oxygen to the roots of the cypress trees. However, the lecturer casts doubt on the role in gas exchange by citing the result of the research carried out by the renowned plant physiologist Paul. The researcher enclosed knees in airtight containers and measured the oxygen consumed. They found that the amount of oxygen did not decrease after a period of time.

　　Another theory analyzed in the article is that knees serve as an anchor to support the weight of the trees. In contrast, the lecturer in the listening points out that the structural role is challenged since in some trees growing in deeper water there was an absence of knees on the roots. Moreover, it is the horizontal roots together below the surface that support the mechanics to be stronger in the face of high wind.

　　Methane emissions, according to the written article, is one of the possible functions. The professor refutes the statement by referring to the statistics - knees accounted for less than 1 percent of this type of gas. Some experts noted that the methane might have even been a by product of the bacteria found outside of the trees.

　　独立写作

　　话题分类：教育

　　考题回忆：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is the best way for teachers to help students become more interested in a subject by explaining how this subject can help students live better outside of the school.

　　解题思路：观点-不同意

　　让步段：relationship to future career 确实可以提升兴趣

　　主体段1：use multiple resources

　　主体段2：extrinsic rewards

　　参考范文：School teachers have an essential role in promoting and finding out how to motivate students to excel in school subjects. The best strategy that helps children develop interests in education, according to some people, is to highlight the relevance that subjects have on students’ lives. However, I argue against the statement for I reckon that other tactics matter as much as the sense of the relevance to life.

　　Admittedly, an essential element to turning students on to school subjects is to show them how education promotes their quality of lives. Schools are commonly considered to be pathways to get students ready for future careers. So relating the subject to how it can be applied in a work environment is a desirable approach to inspire children’s passion in a certain realm. For instance, decent professions including doctors, engineers, and IT developers, require good mastering of certain subjects such as ecology, physics as well as mathematics. Besides, teachers can clarify the intrinsic benefits of subjects which act as essential motivators. For example, learning math enables students to think clearly and logically. However, efforts as fostering intrinsic motivation can be slow to affect behavior. So a variety of approaches are in need to incentivize different students.

　　Another indispensable way seen as an incentive is the utilization of multiple resources in class. Teachers’ voice can be very hypnotizing to some students, especially at the end of a class day. In the past, traditional lectures used to be the most economical way to instill knowledge, so enduring such torture might be a part of learning. But with the introduction of the Internet and the proliferation of online resources in the digital age, teachers have to take advantage of easier access to information to encourage students’ more passion for subjects. Teachers could resort to videos, music, slideshows, games and telling stories in order to make the learning process a bit more fun.

　　In addition, extrinsic rewards may peak students’ interest. Teachers can create contests to encourage their children to be more interested in school courses. For example, most students are addicted to playing on their smartphones and tablets. Then the teacher in IT could challenge his classroom to create an app that is applied in everyday life in the form of a group competition. And the winner would be rewarded with a tablet, a bonus, or some extra grades added in the final exam.

　　In conclusion, there are many ways to spark students’ interest in school subjects, including the sense of the relevance to life, the employment of multiple resources and extrinsic rewards.