2017年4月23新托福综合写作解析:欧洲鳗鱼

　　新托福综合写作解析:

　　阅读主要观点提取：

　　总论点：欧洲鳗鱼(European eels)最初生存在马尾藻海域，洋流将它们带到北太平洋海域。但是它们在繁殖期会重新回到马尾藻海域进行繁殖。19世纪70年代以后，有几个原因可能导致了它们数量的急剧减少。

　　原因一：欧洲河流中用于发电的水坝。水坝会阻挡鳗鱼游到可捕食的地区，因为很多鳗鱼没到成年就死了。并且，从经济的角度出发，不可能将用于发电的水坝撤掉，因而鳗鱼的数量持续在减少。

　　原因二：19世纪80年代，欧洲爆发的寄生虫导致了鳗鱼的死亡。鳗鱼吃了那些感染了寄生虫的鱼而大面积死亡。被寄生虫感染程度的不一样，不同地区鳗鱼死亡的比例也不一样。然而，究竟如何防治这种感染还是未知的。

　　原因三：受马尾藻海域具体情况的影响。因为很难定位鳗鱼具体繁殖的地点，所以究竟是什么原因导致鳗鱼数量减少以及应该如何防护就不得而知。

　　听力主要观点提取：

　　总论点：科学家已经找到这几个问题的解决方法。

　　方法一：可以沿着水坝的一侧安装一种空装满水的管道，这样幼小的鳗鱼就可以顺利通过水坝并成功觅食。这样迁徙就不成问题了。

　　方法二：那些容易感染寄生虫的鳗鱼是比较胖的鳗鱼，它们吃了很多被寄生虫感染的鱼。既然我们得知感染寄生虫的原因是饮食习惯，那么我们只需要将鳗鱼转移到那些无法吃到太多鱼的水域就可以了。

　　方法三：现在有一种小型的设备可以安装在鳗鱼身上，追踪它们在水里的位置。科学家将这些设备装在鳗鱼身上，当鳗鱼游回马尾藻海域时，这些设备就被解除，并被收集起来。这样就可以得知它们具体的迁徙路线及具体的繁殖地点，以便清除繁殖地有可能对它们造成危害的因素。

　　新托福综合写作范文：

　　The writer explains three factors which have caused the decline of European eels. However, the professor says that each of the issues can be solved.

　　First, the professor states that the problem of the dams which block the eels’ migration route can be solved by engineers. The engineers can design structures consisting of a series of hollowed tubes built along the sides of dams. Then the baby eels can swim up those tubes which are filled with water and reach their feeding ground.

　　Second, the reading points out that it is the parasitic worm spreading to Europe in 1980s that causes the decline of eels. On the contrary, the professor proposes that the problem can be fixed too. Scientists have found that the most seriously infected by the parasites are the fattest eels which consume large amount of fish. So it is the eating habits and the eating opportunities of eels that determine the spread of the infection. Being aware of this, we can solve the problem by moving eels into areas where they can not eat so mush fish.

　　Third, the writer states that the difficulty of locating eels’ breeding area is the main obstacle to protect them. The listening, in contrast, presents that scientists can locate eels’ breeding area by attaching electronic device on them. Scientists can get data from the devices to the exactly locate their breeding grounds and then figure out the problem in their breeding area.