2018年托福阅读素材：关注说话人的语气和语义

　　What is the professor’sattitude toward X?hat is the professor’sopinion of X?What can be inferred aboutthe student?What can be inferred aboutthe student when she says this?What does the woman meanwhen she says this? 考生们由以上可以看出，当问句中带有attitude,opinion, infer, mean等词时，基本就可以判断题目为态度题，当然，要根据具体情况具体分析。

　　判断好题型之后我们就可以对应笔记位置寻找答案和解题了，因此在之前听听力文章的时候我们就要知道到底文中那些内容需要记录。接下来我们从几个方面梳理一下态度题中的常见考点和信号词，考生们一定要牢记。

　　1.直观态度

　　①说话人的语气语调听力中，最为直观的跟说话人态度相关的提示就是说话人的语气。常见的语气如：疑问，惊讶(Really? /I couldn’t believe…/JesusChrist!/Wow!/Oh, my God! /Gosh!/ What!)，重读，放慢语速，停顿，怀疑，犹豫(Um...)，可惜(what a shame/ that’s too bad./ I’m sorry to hear that)等等。

　　②形容词等评价性内容在听力中，不是所有的形容词都要记下来。考生们需要记录的是有感情色彩的形容词。常见的形容词如下：

　　积极正面:

　　favorable,approval,interesting,enthusiastic,supportive,great,magnificent,glamorous,excellent,fantastic,outstanding,terrific,awesome,amazing,charming...

　　消极负面:

　　disapproval,dissatisfied,boring,suspicious,critical,bad,skeptical,questionable...中立客观：neutral,unprejudiced,impartial,unbiased...

　　2.间接态度

　　①一语双关在托福听力中，说话人有些话没有直接表达出实际意思，需要考生结合上下文语境去理解。

　　②委婉表达有的时候，说话人会通过委婉表达的方式阐明自己的意见，比如教授提问学生时，学生的回答并不完全正确，此时教授就会通过引导的方式，委婉的表达学生回答错误这个信息。常见信号词：Sounds great...but/ Soundslike fun...but/I’d liketo...but/ I should have, but.../ I wish I could... but/ I’d love to...but...

　　③转折处文章转折处不论是对话还是讲座中，都是非常重要的考点位置。而转折处后面通常带有说话人实际想表达的意图和态度。转折词：but,however, whereas, nevertheless, while, in fact, actually, although, though...

　　通过上文对态度题考点和信号词的分类和总结，相信大家已经能够掌握态度题的出题思路了，那么接下来我们就通过一些例题来练习和巩固一下吧!

　　E.G.TPO 4 Conversation 1

　　What is the man’s attitude toward his current assignment?

　　A.He is not confident that he will find the materials he needs.B.He feels that performing in a play is less boring than reading one.C.Hethinks his review of the play will be more objective than the contemporaryreviews were.D.He is optimistic that he will learn to appreciate the play he isresearching.

　　听力原文：StudentThat’s a good idea. I’ll have a better idea of what I really think ofit before I read those reviews.LibrarianI’m sure you will be surprised that anyone ever found it radical. Butyou will see why it is still powerful, dramatically speaking.StudentYeah, it must be something about it, or the professor wouldn’t haveassignedit. I’m sure I’ll figure it out.

　　分析：正确答案 D首先根据托福听力按顺序出题的原则，可以判断第4题的答案应该在原文比较偏后的位置，因此找到对应笔记位置即可。其次，根据以上听力原文，学生说的I’ll have a better idea...和I’m sure I’ll figure it out两句话可以得知，学生的态度是非常optimistic(乐观的)的，因此正确答案应该选择D。本题的考察点是学生的语气语调和评价性内容。另外，笔者提醒考生，平时做题还要做一下错误选项分析，以本题为例，A选项说not confident，学生的语气是轻快而自信的，是积极正面的，因此与原文相违背，排除。B选项中的boring虽然是评价性的形容词，文中也确实提及过，但是并没有将performing和reading进行比较。C选项中的contemporary reviews文中也提到了，但是是比较靠前面位置提及的，后面就再也没提到了，并且也没有比较过objective的问题，因此排除。

　　我们再来看一道例题： E.G. TPO 4 Conversation 2

　　What is the professor’s opinion of the other students in the woman’sgroup?

　　A.They try to take credit for work they did not do.B.They did not perform well in previous courses with him.C.They are more motivated when they are working in a group.D.They do good work when they are interested in the subject.

　　听力原文：ProfessorI know Teresa and Kevin. I had both of them on other courses. So, I’mfamiliar with the work and work habits.StudentI know, me too. That’s why this has really surprised me.

　　分析：正确答案是D本题考查的是语意。学生在开始一直抱怨的是其他组员不配合，而当老师了解了一些情况后提到之前他也认识这两个学生，他的了解中这两个学生不是这样的。所以那两个学生是可以认真做工作的，推断出前提是他们对这个工作感兴趣。所以不仅要理解文章的语意，还要理解好上下文衔接的内容。