2019年初级中学教师资格证英语考试攻略
来源 :考试网 2018-11-30
中第三部分 高频考点
考点·词汇辨析
1. achieve“(凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准),完成,成功”,approach“接近”,attain“(通常指经过努力)获得,达到”,acquire“学到,取到”;
2. award“奖品,奖金”,reward“奖励,回报,悬赏金”,allowance“津贴,补贴”,prize“奖,奖品,难能可贵的事物”;
3. at times“有时”,to the minute“恰好,一分不差”,day by day“一天天”,around the clock“昼夜不停地”;
4. other than“除了……以外,不同于,不(常用于否定结构中)”,rather than“而不是……”,or rather“更确切地说”,or else“否则,要不然”;
5. can’t....too,表示“再……也不为过”;have difficulty (in) doing sth.,表示“做某事有困难”;
6. look forward to doing sth.,“表示期待做……”;get down to doing sth.,“认真开始做……”。
考点·常见倍数关系表达方法
1. A+ be +倍数+ 形容词(或副词)的比较级+ than +B
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)
2. A+ be +倍数+ as +形容词(或much)或副词+ as + B
This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.
这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)
3. A+ be +倍数+ the + size (length, height ...)+ of + B
This hill is four times the height of that small one.
这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)
4. The + size (length, height ...) of +A +be+ 倍数+ that + of +B
The height of this hill is four times that of that small one.
这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)
考点·动词时态与语态
1.现在进行时表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.
2.现在进行时代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。The Yangtze River is flowing into the east.
3.现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时。
— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
— I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
4.动词主动表被动
(1)某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义,如look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等。
The flower smells sweet.
(2)某些及物动词后加副词,也可以表示被动意义,如cut, clean, draw, lock, open, pack, play, peel, sell, shut, split, strike, record, iron, keep等。
This type of TV sells well. The meat cuts easily.
(3)deserve, need, require, stand, want等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。若动名词是不及物的,后面应跟有介词。
The kids need taking care of. The table wants cleaning.
(4)某些做表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
The stone is hard to break. It is easy to understand.
考点·状语从句
1.时间状语从句
常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2.目的状语从句
常用引导词:so that, in order that
特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice for the purpose that students in the back could hear more clearly.
3.让步状语从句
常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词:as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while (一般用在句首), no matter…, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
考点·虚拟语气
if引导的虚拟条件句的结构
条件从句谓语 |
主句谓语 | |
与现在事实相反 |
If +主语+动词过去式 (be 动词用were) |
主语+ should/would/could /might +动词原形 |
与过去事实相反 |
If +主语+had +过去分词 |
主语+ should/would/could /might+ have+过去分词 |
与将来事实相反 |
If+主语+动词过去式 If+主语+ were to +动词原形 If+主语+ should +动词原形 |
主语+ should/would/could /might +动词原形 |
考点·语音知识
1.辅音
A chart of English consonants
manner |
Voicing |
Bilabial |
Labio- dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal |
Stops or plosives |
VL |
p |
t |
k |
||||
VD |
b |
d |
g |
|||||
Fricatives |
VL |
f |
θ |
s |
ʃ |
h | ||
VD |
v |
ð |
z |
ʒ |
||||
Affricates |
VL |
(tʃ) |
tʃ |
|||||
VD |
(dʒ) |
dʒ |
||||||
Nasals |
VD |
m |
n |
ŋ |
||||
Liquids |
VD |
l, r |
||||||
Glides |
VD |
w |
j |
2. Minimal Pair最小对立体
When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations are said to form a minimal pair. For example, dill and kill are a minimal pair because they differ from each other by the initial sound [d] and [k].
最小对立对指除了出现在同一位置上的一个音不同之外,其余都相同的两个语音组合。例如,dill和kill就是一组最小对立体,二者的不同在于首字母发音分别为[d]和[k]。
考点·语义关系
1. Synonymy同义关系
2. Antonymy 反义关系
(1) Gradable antonymy等级反义关系
(2) Complementary antonymy互补反义关系
(3) Converse antonymy逆向反义关系
3. Homonymy 同音/同形异义关系
(1) Homophones同音异义词
(2) Homographs同形异义词
(3) Complete Homonyms完全同音同形异义词
4. Polysemy多义关系
5. Hyponymy上下义关系
(1) Superordinate上坐标词
(2) Hyponyms下义词
考点·语言知识教育与语言技能教学
1.语法教学方法:
(1)The deductive method
演绎法:教师首先展示语法规则并举例说明,然后由学生将所展示的语法规则运用于新的语言环境。
(2)The inductive method
归纳法:学生首先接触的是包含语法规则的真实上下文,然后根据上下文信息归纳出语法规则。
2.阅读技能教学
(1)阅读技能教学的目的是培养阅读策略;培养语感;特别强调培养学生在阅读过程中的获取和处理信息的能力。
(2)基本技能:略读(skimming);找读(scanning);预测下文;理解大意;分清文章中的事实和观点;猜测词义;推理判断;了解重点细节;理解文章结构;理解图表信息;理解指代关系;理解逻辑关系;理解作者意图;评价阅读内容。
(3)相关教学活动:
略读:即选择性地进行跳跃式阅读,了解文章大意。可以采取三个步骤:①通读文章起始段和结尾段;②找到主题句,细读其他段落的主题句;③浏览一些与主题句相关的信息词。
找读:要求在很短的时间内准确地找到目标,可以利用主题词、标题或表格、板式及印刷特点等来快速阅读教学内容后,可以进行回答提问的问题、解释概括文意、制作图表、判断真伪、排序、填表、补全信息、连线等教学活动。
3.Stages of Teaching Writing写作教学步骤
(1) Pre-writing. It includes discussion or debate on relevant topic, picture telling, free talk, reading short passages, and audio-visual activities. Three points should be considered: the reader, writing form and writing logic.
写前活动,包括对相关话题的讨论、辩论、图片讨论、自由会话、读短文、试听活动等。以下三点要考虑在内:读者对象、写作格式和写作逻辑。
(2) While-writing. It refers to writing the first draft. Teacher should require students to express the meanings directly, use the aspect of herself/himself or find a supposed aspect, introduce a topic to readers.
写中活动是指第一次写草稿。在此过程中,老师应要求学生用最直接的方式表达想说的话,要用自己的角度或者某假设的角度去写,要向读者介绍某一主题。
(3) Post-writing. Students should revise and polish their writing by themselves or with peers, ranging from spelling, punctuation, sentence structure and paragraph structure, etc.
写后活动。学生应当自己或与同学一起对文章进行修改和润色,检查单词拼写、标点、句子结构和文章结构等。
考点·教学设计
教学设计部分的考题是需要撰写一篇教案或者撰写教案的部分要素,一个教案的基本结构包含以下要点:
Teaching Topic:
Teaching Content:
Teaching Objectives:
Teaching Key Points:
Teaching Difficult Points:
Teaching Procedure:
……
Blackboard Design:
考点·教师的角色
教师在学校里扮演的角色中,重点掌握以下几个角色:
1.教学活动的组织者(organizer)
英语教学活动关键在于组织,使学生准确知道自己要干什么。在教学活动时教师作为组织者的教学行为:给学生指出明确的学习目标、教学任务及如何开展活动,活动结束后如何组织评价反馈等。
2.学习策略的促进者(prompter)
学习策略是学习者为了提高学习的效果和效率,有目的有意识地制定的有关学习过程的复杂的方案。可以对学生学习策略进行个别引导,也可以对其进行学习策略的专项训练,如提高听力的策略、词汇记忆的策略、快速阅读的策略等,以达到提高学生高效学习的目的。
3.课堂教学的调控者(controller)
课堂教学中的英语教师就像一位乐队的指挥,调控全体成员的学习积极性、学习进程和学习的高效性等。英语教师应深入教学活动中,调控、了解活动信息,给学生必要的指导和帮助。
4.教学活动的反思者(assessor/evaluator)
在课堂教学过程中,教师要不断观察,并能对课堂教学进行反思:学生的理解能力是否和本次活动的难度相符?是否全体学生都参与了教学活动?还有哪些方面或哪些学生需要提升?……通过反思不断调整教学进度,寻求促进学生高效发展的新途径。