21．  (21)  from one phase are usually reviewed for completeness and accuracy and approved before work starts on the next phase.

      A. Process      B. Milestone     C. Work    D. Deliverables

    答案

    (21)D

     [分析]

    一个阶段所产生的可交付物通常要在开始下一阶段的工作之前对其完备性和正确性进行评审并获得批准。

     22．Organizations perform work to achieve a set of objectives. Generally, work can be categorized as either projects or operations, although the two sometimes are   (22)  .

      A. confused    B. same         C. overlap       D. dissever

    答案

    (22)C

     [分析]

    组织执行工作以达成一组目标。通常，工作可被分为项目或者运营，虽然两者在某些时候会有些重叠。

     23．In the project management context,   (23)   includes characteristics of unification, consolidation, articulation, and integrative actions that are crucial to project completion, successfully meeting customer and other stakeholder requirements, and managing expectations.

      A. integration       B. scope    C. process       D. charter

    答案

    (23)A

   [分析]

  在项目管理语境中，整体包含了统一、合并、连接的特性，以及对于完成项目、成功满足顾客和其他干系人的需求及管理期望至关重要的整体行动。

     24．Project   (24)   Management includes the processes required to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.

      A. Integration       B. Scope    C. Configuration     D. Requirement

    答案

    (24)B

     [分析]

    项目范围管理包括为确保项目包含且仅包含成功完成项目必需工作的所需过程。

     25．On some projects, especially ones of smaller scope, activity sequencing, activity resource estimating, activity duration estimating, and  (25)  are so linked that they are viewed as a single process that can be performed by a person over a relatively short period of time.

     A. time estimating               B. cost estimating

            C. project planning              D. schedule development

    答案

    (25)D

    [分析]

    在某些项目，特别是在范围较小的项目中，活动排序、活动资源估算、活动历时估算和进度制定连接得如此紧密，以至于它们被视为可以由一个人在相对较短的时间内执行的单独过程。

    26．In approximating costs, the estimator considers the possible causes of variation of the cost estimates, including   (26)  .

      A. budget      B. plan     C. risk     D. contract

    答案

    (26)C

     [分析]

    在估算成本时，估算者会考虑成本估算偏差的潜在原因，包括风险。

     27．Project Quality Management must address the management of the project and the  (27)  of the project. While Project Quality Management applies to all projects, regardless of the nature of their product, product quality measures and techniques are specific to the particular type of product produced by the project.

      A. performance      B. process       C. product       D. object

     答案

    (27)C

     [分析]

    项目质量管理必须专注于对项目和项目产品的管理。当所有项目在运用项目质量管理时，无论项目产品的本质如何，都要依据项目所产生的产品的类型明确产品质量的度量和技术。

     28．  (28)  is a category assigned to products or services having the same functional use but different technical characteristics. It is not same as quality.

      A. Problem    B. Grade       C. Risk     D. Defect

    答案

    (28)B

     [分析]

    等级是对具有相同使用功能，但技术特性不同产品或服务所赋予的类别。它与质量不同。

     29．Project  (29)  Management is the Knowledge Area that employs the processes required to ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of project information.

      A. Integration       B. Time     C. Planning      D. Communication

    答案

    (29)D

     [分析]

    项目沟通管理是使用所需过程，以确保及时、恰当地产生、收集、分发、存储、收回和最终处置项目信息的知识域。

     30．The  (30)  process analyzes the effect of risk events and assigns a numerical rating to those risks.

      A. Risk Identification             B. Quantitative Risk Analysis

            C. Qualitative Risk Analysis       D. Risk Monitoring and Control

    答案

    (30)B

     [分析]

    定量风险分析过程分析风险事件的影响并对这些风险赋予一个数值化的评价。

    Developing reliable software on time and within  (31)  represents a difficult endeavor for many organizations.

    Usually business solutions have three main aspects:people,  (32)  , and technology. The main reason for failing software projects has little to do with technology and tools, and much to do with lack of process  (33)  . Experience has shown that introducing new technology and tools in an immature or undisciplined environment is likely to increase the chaos. CASE tools are not enough. "A fool with a tool is still a fool?"

    Structured method was the first wave of the software industry. This was the beginning of transforming software development from a"  (34)  industry' to mass production. Software process movement if the second wave in the software industry. The process maturity movement prepares the way for the third wave of the software industry: "software industrialization". Software development will become like an assembly and manufacturing process. A critical enabling factor is a disciplined software engineering process with predictable quality,  (35)  and functionality.

     (31) A. forecast      B. preparation        C. budget       D. economy

     (32) A. process       B. skill              C. organization D. interface

     (33) A. law          B. discipline         C. plan         D. evaluation

     (34) A. college       B. family            C. workshop     D. cottage

     (35) A. plan         B. schedule         C. effort        D. product

    答案

    (31)C    (32)A    (33)B    (34)D    (35)B

    [分析]

    对很多组织来说，在给定的时间和预算范围内开发可靠的软件，意味着艰难的努力。

    业务解决方案通常有三个方面，分别是人员、过程和技术，软件项目失败的主要原因与技术和工具几乎没有关系，大部分是因为缺乏过程定义。经验表明，在一个不成熟或者没有定义的环境引进新技术和工具，只能是乱上加乱。CASE工具并不意味着一切，正如：“A fool with a tool is till a fool!”。

    结构化方法掀起了软件产业的第一次浪潮，是从作坊式工业(Cottage Industry，家庭手工业)到大规模生产的转变的开端。软件过程改进是软件产业的第二次浪潮，且过程成熟，为软件产业的第三次浪潮(软件工业化)铺平了道路。软件开发将如装配和制造过程一般，而要做到这一点，一个重要的因素就是需要一个具有可预测的质量、进度和功能的已定义的软件工程过程。

    Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an  (36)  technique that allows an organization to determine the actual  (37)  associated with each product and service produced by the organization without regard to the organizational structure. This chapter explains some of the uses and benefits of Activity Based Costing. We use IDEFO  (38)  modeling in conjunction with ABC to enable more effective business  (39)  design decisions.

    In order to achieve the major goals of business process improvement, process simplification and improvement, FAA managers need to fully understand the cost, time, and quality of activities performed by employees or machines throughout an entire organization. ABC methods enable  (40)  to cost out measurements to business simplification and process improvement.

     (36) A. computing    B. campaigning      C. programming  D. accounting

     (37) A. activity       B. quality            C. cost          D. process

     (38) A. activity       B. flowchart         C. design        D. management

     (39) A. data         B. benefit           C. process      D. image

     (40) A. computers   B. managers         C. clients       D. consumers

    答案

    (36)D    (37)C    (38)A    (39C    (40)B

    [分析]

    基于活动成本法(Activity Based Costing, ABC)是一门会计技术，可以使组织决定由该组织提供的，与每个产品和服务有联系的实际成本，而无需考虑组织结构。本章说明了ABC法的一些使用方法和使用ABC的好处。我们使用IDEFO活动建模，与 ABC一起，使业务过程设计决策更有效。

    为了达到业务流程改进、过程简化和改进的主要目的，FAA经理们需要充分理解那些由员工或机器执行的、贯穿整个组织的活动的成本、时间和质量。ABC法能使经理们估算出度量业务简化和过程改进的成本。