问答题【2017年真题】（2017上）Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy. The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator  the unique address of any file that is accessible via the Internet. But in the world of Internet start-ups, URL has another meaning:ubiquity first, revenue later. This pretty much describes the strategy of most big online social networks, which over the past few years have concentrated on increasing users rather than worrying about profits. That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question over their ability to make money from the audiences they have put together.The issue is whether the social-networking industry can come up with a successful form of advertising that enables it to succeed in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside search results. Without such a formula, runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never amount to much. Doubters claim that the networks face two big handicaps. The first is that people log into social-networking sites to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads.The second is that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will not want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity, obscenity or nudity - or all three at once.
But the broader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging. One reason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale. Facebook’s audience is bigger than any TV network that has ever existed on the face of the earth. And the networks can target ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth. Although there are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that the networks' advertising proposition has increased. Aside from the advertising-driven business model, some are also making healthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods. The beauty of this business for social networks is that the cost of producing and storing virtual inventory is minimal. Moreover, because these are closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generate huge profits. To some, the notion that big money can be made from selling make-believe items may seem bizarre, but the practice replicates physical presents that people give to one another to cement relationships in the real world.