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举例告诉你python爬虫库urllib2怎么用

来源 :中华考试网 2020-09-30

   所谓网页抓取,就是把URL地址中指定的网络资源从网络流中读取出来,保存到本地。 在Python中有很多库可以用来抓取网页,先学习urllib2。

  urllib2模块直接导入就可以用,在python3中urllib2被改为urllib.request

  使用urllib2,试了下用代理登陆拉取cookie,跳转抓图片......

  URLLIB2文档:http://docs.python.org/library/urllib2.html

  直接上demo代码:包括:直接拉取,使用Reuqest(post/get),使用代理,cookie,跳转处理

  #!/usr/bin/python

  # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

  # urllib2_test.py

  import urllib,urllib2,cookielib,socket

  url = "http://www.testurl....." #change yourself

  #最简单方式

  def use_urllib2():

  try:

  f = urllib2.urlopen(url, timeout=5).read()

  except urllib2.URLError, e:

  print e.reason

  print len(f)

  #使用Request

  def get_request():

  #可以设置超时

  socket.setdefaulttimeout(5)

  #可以加入参数 [无参数,使用get,以下这种方式,使用post]

  params = {"wd":"a","b":"2"}

  #可以加入请求头信息,以便识别

  i_headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1) Gecko/20090624 Firefox/3.5",

  "Accept": "text/plain"}

  #use post,have some params post to server,if not support ,will throw exception

  #req = urllib2.Request(url, data=urllib.urlencode(params), headers=i_headers)

  req = urllib2.Request(url, headers=i_headers)

  #创建request后,还可以进行其他添加,若是key重复,后者生效

  #request.add_header('Accept','application/json')

  #可以指定提交方式

  #request.get_method = lambda: 'PUT'

  try:

  page = urllib2.urlopen(req)

  print len(page.read())

  #like get

  #url_params = urllib.urlencode({"a":"1", "b":"2"})

  #final_url = url + "?" + url_params

  #print final_url

  #data = urllib2.urlopen(final_url).read()

  #print "Method:get ", len(data)

  except urllib2.HTTPError, e:

  print "Error Code:", e.code

  except urllib2.URLError, e:

  print "Error Reason:", e.reason

  def use_proxy():

  enable_proxy = False

  proxy_handler = urllib2.ProxyHandler({"http":"http://proxyurlXXXX.com:8080"})

  null_proxy_handler = urllib2.ProxyHandler({})

  if enable_proxy:

  opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_handler, urllib2.HTTPHandler)

  else:

  opener = urllib2.build_opener(null_proxy_handler, urllib2.HTTPHandler)

  #此句设置urllib2的全局opener

  urllib2.install_opener(opener)

  content = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()

  print "proxy len:",len(content)

  class NoExceptionCookieProcesser(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor):

  def http_error_403(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):

  return fp

  def http_error_400(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):

  return fp

  def http_error_500(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):

  return fp

  def hand_cookie():

  cookie = cookielib.CookieJar()

  #cookie_handler = urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie)

  #after add error exception handler

  cookie_handler = NoExceptionCookieProcesser(cookie)

  opener = urllib2.build_opener(cookie_handler, urllib2.HTTPHandler)

  url_login = "https://www.yourwebsite/?login"

  params = {"username":"user","password":"111111"}

  opener.open(url_login, urllib.urlencode(params))

  for item in cookie:

  print item.name,item.value

  #urllib2.install_opener(opener)

  #content = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()

  #print len(content)

  #得到重定向 N 次以后最后页面URL

  def get_request_direct():

  import httplib

  httplib.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

  request = urllib2.Request("http://www.google.com")

  request.add_header("Accept", "text/html,*/*")

  request.add_header("Connection", "Keep-Alive")

  opener = urllib2.build_opener()

  f = opener.open(request)

  print f.url

  print f.headers.dict

  print len(f.read())

  if __name__ == "__main__":

  use_urllib2()

  get_request()

  get_request_direct()

  use_proxy()

  hand_cookie()

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