第六部分：工具箱

　　EDUCATION

　　1. Prejudices, it is well know, are most difficult to eradicate from the heart whose soil has never been loosened or fertilized by education; they grow there, firm as weeds among rocks. (Charlotte Bronte: English novelist)

　　2. Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. (William Durant: Founder of General Motors)

　　3. Study can serve for delight, discourses and ability.(Francis Bacon: English essayist, statesman and philosopher.)

　　4. The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet. (Aristotle: Ancient Greek philosopher)

　　5. Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught."(Oscar Wilde: English Dramatist)

　　THINKING

　　1. The men of experiment are like the ant, they only collect and use; the reasoners resemble spiders, which make cobwebs out of their own substance. But the bee takes the middle course: it gathers its material from the flowers of the garden and field, but transforms and digests it by a power of its own. (Francis Bacon)

　　2. Humanity needs practical men,. But humanity also needs dreamers,

　　3. Give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it, and I shall move the world.

　　4. Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life.

　　LIFE

　　1. You don't get to choose how you're going to die. Or when. You can only decide how you're going to live.

　　2. Look and you will find it----what is unsought will go undetected.(Sophocles)

　　3. Life is a promise. Fulfill it.

　　4. Great minds have purposes, little minds have wishes (Irving, Washington)

　　5. Success is never final (Winston Churchill)

　　ATTITUDE:

　　1. Trust yourself. Each heart vibrating on that iron string. (Ralph Emerson)

　　2. Confidence is the companion of success. (Unknown)

　　3. Make the most of yourself, for that is all there is of you. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)

　　4. If you really put a small value upon yourself, rest assured that the world will not raise your price (Unknown)

　　5. Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other one thing (Abraham Lincoln)

　　6. Small opportunities are often the beginning of great enterprises.

　　DIFFICULTY AND COURAGE

　　1. Never leave that "till tomorrow which you can do today. (Benjamin Franklin)

　　2. If you lose hope, somehow you lose the vitality that keeps life moving, you lose that courage to be, that quality that helps you go on in spite of it all. And so today I still have a dream.(Martin Luther King)

　　3. In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity (Albert Einstein)

　　4. Difficulties increase the nearer we get to the goal (Goethe)

　　5. The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.

　　DILIGENCE

　　1. Happiness is not the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.(Franklin Roosevelt)

　　2. Diligence is the mother of good luck. (Thomas Fuller)

　　3. Diligence is the mother of good fortune, and idleness, its opposite, never brought a man to the goal of any of his best wishes

　　4. The expectations of life depend upon diligence; the mechanic that would perfect his work must first sharpen his tools.(Confucius)

　　5. Few things are impossible to diligence and skill. Great works are performed not by strength, but perseverance.(Samuel Johnson)

　　GOALS

　　1. If you want to live a happy life, tie it to the goal, not the people or the things. (Albert Einstein)

　　2. Success is not final. Failure is not fatal. It is the courage to continue that counts.(Winston Churchill)

　　3. Set your goals high, and don’t stop until you get there.

　　4. Words can’t move mountains. It is diligence that accounts.

　　5. To strive, to seek, to find, but not to yield (Tennyson)

　　LOVE

　　1. The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched.

　　They must be felt with the heart (Helen Keller)

　　2. Love is patient; love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast,

　　it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered,

　　and it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil

　　but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts,

　　always hopes, and always perseveres. Love never fails. (Holy Bible Corinth)

　　TEAMWORK

　　1. Trust men and they will be true to you; treat them greatly, and they will show themselves great.(Emerson)

　　2. Separated we fall. United we stand. (Lincoln)

　　3. As long as they think alike, a few people can move a mountain. (Chinese proverb)

　　4. Coming together is beginning. Gathering together is process. Working together is success. (Henry Ford)

　　一些典型例证

　　1. 环境保护

　　大气污染：关键词：sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫，一氧化碳)

　　Although substantial progress had been made, sulfur dioxide and monoxide levels were up 25 percent nationally and particulates were increased by more than 14 percent. What is more, pollution levels in a dozen cities were higher than those of 1970. Of 20,000 major stationary sources of air pollution, about 5,000 failed to meet the schedules, and well over half the steel plants and nonferrous smelters in the United States continued to be in violation of federal regulations.

　　核污染(Chernobyl: 切尔诺贝利核事故)

　　On April 26, 1986, another serious incident alarmed the world. One of four nuclear reactors at Chernobyl', about 130 km (about 80 mi) north of Kyiv (now in Ukraine) in the USSR, exploded and burned. Radioactive material spread over Scandinavia and northern Europe, as discovered by Swedish observers on April 28. According to the official report issued in August, the accident was caused by unauthorized testing of the reactor by its operators. Radiation about 50 times higher than that at Three Mile Island exposed people nearest the reactor, and a cloud of radioactive fallout spread westward. Unlike most reactors in western countries, including the United States, the reactor at Chernobyl' did not have a containment building. Such a structure could have prevented material from leaving the reactor site.

　　动物保护(关键词：bald eagles, wildcats, buffalos)

　　More animals have been found on the verge of extinction. Recently, the Federal Government has put wild cats, bald eagles on the list. And buffalos had almost been erased from the American continent.

　　2.沉迷网络(关键词：boost self-confidence增强自信, take refuge：逃避现实，stress:压力，withdraw: 离群

　　According to psychologists, many young people suffering from shyness also risk becoming addicted to computers. Success with computers provides them with the self-confidence they lack in their personal lives. Zimbardo fears that shy youngsters who take refuge in the computer may fail to learn and practice important social skills needed later in life.

　　4. 盗版产品(safeguard intellectual property，CD, videos, CD-ROMs, counterfeit trademarks)

　　In March, China and the United States averted a trade war when they reached an agreement to safeguard U.S. intellectual property rights and ban the sale of pirated compact disks, videos, CD-ROMs, and counterfeit trademark goods including jeans, jackets and T-shirts. .

　　5. 交通堵塞(关键词：Tokyo, narrow lanes, radiating highways, overcrowded, parking, blaring vehicles.)

　　Much of the street pattern of Tokyo dates to historic times and is made of narrow, crooked lanes that are unsuitable for heavy use by automobiles. The radiating highways and expressways that were put in to modernize the road network are usually badly overcrowded, and traffic moves at a slow pace. Parking is a major problem. A person must provide proof of an off-street, overnight parking space to own a car in Tokyo.

　　6. 禁烟运动：(关键词：smoking and bronchitis, heart attacks lung cancer, live lost,

　　According to the recent surveys, cigarette smoking is at least responsible for some diseases such as bronchitis, heart attacks and lung cancer. Worse still, approximately three million people die from their excessive smoking. And unless some measures were taken, the toll would be increasing in the future.

　　7. 追星：(关键词：make nonsense of values in the society; a frivolous contribution to the society, artificially created reputation, lack of real talent, mass hysteria among young people, create fashions, way of life, style of dress, drug-taking, )

　　Individuals, teenagers in particular, tend to be more impressed by such superficial elements of a star: the way of his life, the style of his dress. However, these youngsters fail to realize that most of these elements are mostly artificially created reputation. More often than not, all the entertainment reports are meant to increase the star’s popularity among the young people so that new demand can be created. What’s more, some pop stars, under scrutiny, show a quite different image. Some of them turn out to be drug addicts; others lack the real talent; quite a few of them make a nonsense value in the society. All in all, star worship is nothing more than a part of market promotion. It creates mass hysteria among young people, but makes frivolous contribution to the society.

　　8. 考试和能力(关键词：an efficient and reliable method of testing knowledge; test of memory, working under pressure, create anxiety, dropouts, suicides, deprive people of free learning, creation, imagination, a more healthy attitude toward success and failure. )

　　Admittedly, tests do contribute to the current educational system. After all, throughout centuries, they remain to be the most efficient and reliable method to pick the most talented applicants in almost every field. However, exams tend to emphasize the memory of information. By comparison, some essential elements such as freedom, creation and imagination are to a large extent ignored. There is another disadvantage, that is, tests frequently put people under pressure, create numbers of dropouts and in some extreme cases, are partially responsible for the suicides of some students.

　　9. 爱心

　　Numerous cases exist to illustrate how important love is. Consider Miss Sullivan, the governess of Helen Keller. But for her considerate care and sincere love, Helen Keller would probably live in a shadow world forever. Sure enough, it is Sullivan’s back up that enlightens the girl, who is blind and deaf. It is Sullivan’s support that finally creates Helen Keller as one of the most outstanding writers in the world.

　　10. 友谊(关键词：friends, family members, social support, emotional sustenance, tangible resources, aid, a sense of belonging to a social network.)

　　Support from friends, family members, and others who care for us to go a long way in helping us to get by in times of trouble. Social support systems provide us with emotional sustenance, tangible resources and aid, and information when we are in need. People with social support feel cared about and valued by others and feel a sense of belonging to a larger social network.

　　或者：

　　Though scorned by some critics as to have misled readers with the false standard of friendship, the relationship between Antonio and Bassanio, the clue in Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice, is also regarded as an exemplary case to illustrate the ideal of friendship. Isn’t it a blessing to have a friend like Antonio, who in order to help his friend, would rather sign a bond with Shylock, promising to a pond his flesh to repay his debt. On the other hand, isn’t it a comfort for souls to have a friend like Bassanio, who would be ready to pay any price to Shylock for the sole purpose of saving Antonio’s life. Surely enough, the relationship between the two has been gradually transformed to an ideal of friendship, social support and aid.

　　In spite of the ideological conflicts, the relationship between Carl Marx and Friedrich Engles is also regarded as an exemplary case to illustrate the ideal of friendship. Isn’t it a blessing to have a friend like Engles, who commute between London and Manchester, remitting money to Marx. Surely enough, but for Engle’s support, Marx would not have completed his towering works, the Capital. In this case, the relationship between the two has been gradually transformed to an ideal of friendship, social support and comradeship.

　　11. 成功和失败

　　At any rate, patience and perseverance remains a tunnel directing people from a shadowy passageway of frustration to the land of glorious victory. Consider Samuel Johnson, the British essayist. In spite of poverty and unemployment, he never quitted his attitude. Thanks to his overwhelming patience and determination, he eventually completed a Herculean work in the history of English language, the first Dictionary of English in the world.