Children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations，(31) ___to the first serious investigation into the way in which writing technique Can dramatically affect educational achievement.

　　The survey of 643 children and adults，ranking from pre-school t0 40-plus，also suggests(32) ___pen—holding techniques have deteriorated sharply over one generation，with teachers now paying far(33) ___attention to correct pen grip and handwriting style.

　　Stephanie Thomas，a learning support teacher(34)—___findings have been published，was inspired to investigate this area(35) ___he noticed that those students who had the most trouble with spelling(36) ___had a poor pen grip.While Mr.Thomas could not establish a significant statistical link(37) ___pen—holing style and accuracy in spelling，he(38) ___find huge differences in technique between the young children and the mature adults，and a definite(39) ___between near—point gripping and slow，illegible writing.

　　People who(40) ___—their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics(41) ___inhibit learning，(42) ___as poor posture，leaning too(43) ___to the desk，using four fingers to grip the penn(44) ___than three，and clumsy positioning of the thumb(which can obscure(45)——is being written).

　　Mr.Thomas believes that the(46) ___between elder and younger writers is(47) ___too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing as they grow(48) ___.He attributes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods，pointing out that the differences between(49) ___groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties.“The 30-year- old showed a huge diversity of grips，(50) ___me over 40s group all had a uniform‘tripod’grip.”

　　31.according 【解析】according to意为“根据”，为固定短语，本句句意为“根据对…的严格调查，…。”

　　32.that 【解析】此空之后的内容为suggests的内容，即此处应填that，引导宾语从句。

　　33.1ess 【解析】由此空前面的“deteriorated sharply”可知此空应填“更少的”，而不是“更多的”。

　　34.whose 【解析】此句意为“Stephanie Thomas，一位学习辅导老师，…发现已经发表了…。”由此可知，空处所填单词必为whose，引导定语从句，修饰teacher。

　　35.after 【解析】此句意为“…他注意到了那些拼写有问题的学生也有一个坏的握笔习惯，他受到鼓舞调查这个领域。”

　　36.also 【解析】由35题解析，拼写有问题的学生必定握笔习惯不好。

　　37.between 【解析】此句意为“Thomas先生尽管不能在握笔方式和拼写准确性之间建立重要的统计学联系，…”所以答案为介词between。

　　38.did 【解析】据38题解析，由于while意为“尽管”，才有后面起强调作用的did，意为“确实”，言下之意有转折之意。

　　39.1ink 【解析】与37题对应，此处应填link，表明在“near-point gripping”和“slow，illegible writing”之间存在联系。

　　40.grip 【解析】显然，此空应填一个动词“握，拿”，英语中握笔用动词grip。

　　41.which 【解析】由此句句子成分分析，此空以后的应为定语从句，修饰characteristics，所以此空应填which，引导定语从句。

　　42.such 【解析】“poor posture，leaning too…to the desk，using…”均是对characteristics的举例说明，而举例用英语说应为“such as”。

　　43.close 【解析】显然，不好的习惯是“太靠近桌子”，故应填“近”。

　　44.rather 【解析】此空所在句意为“用四个手指握笔而不是三个。”rather than表示“而不是”。

　　45.what 【解析】显然，此空后的句子应为“0bscure”的宾语从句，而“is being written”中缺主语，可做主句的宾语、从句的主语的只有what。

　　46.difference 【解析】显然，这句话是在对老年人和年轻人写字之间进行比较，而且由后半句中的“get better at…”可知，此空必为“不同的”。

　　47.far 【解析】能修饰too的副词只有far或much。

　　48.older 【解析】grow只能是年龄越来越大。

　　49.age 【解析】此段话均是在比较不同年龄段的人之间写字的不同，故此空应填“年龄”。

　　50.but 【解析】此句意为“30岁的人表现出非常不同的握笔方式，…超过40岁的人都统一用三个手指握笔。”显然，此空处表转折。