2019年公共英语四级阅读练习题（11）

　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism. ?

　　Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior. ?

　　Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents.

　　34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

　　21.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing

　　22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because 23. [A] interactions[B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

　　24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response

　　25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

　　26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

　　27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

　　28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

　　29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect

　　30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount 31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length

　　32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence 33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

　　34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously

　　35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as

　　36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage

　　37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible

　　38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability

　　39. [A] incidence [B] awareness 　 [C] exposure 　 [D] popularity

　　40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

　　参考答案：CDADA BCDAB ACDBA BBDAC