全国英语等级考试四级听力理解命题思路

　　听力考试的第一节考查考生理解特定或具体信息的能力。考生根据所听到的一段180-220词的独白或对话，填补表格中的空白。该小节录音材料将播放两遍。问题在干中给出，不再在录音中播放。本小节一共五道题，播放录音前有25秒的答题时间，第一遍录音放完后有30秒答题时间，第二遍录音播放完后有20秒完成答案和检查答案时间。

　　本节考试的核心题型为细节题，考查考生对给定范围细节的定位和获取事实性具体信息的能力。出题点集中在时间、地点、天气、人物、数字、电话号码和价格等细节信息上。由于考题中已给出所要求的细节内容，因此考生只需要听懂原文并进行合理定位即可。该小节题目比较简单，考生对该部分的分数应志在必得。

　　经典例题：

　　For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation in which a woman is asking for tourist information about Sudeley Castle and Snowshill Manor.While you listen, fill out the table with the information you’ve heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will heard the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below .(5 points)

　　Information about Sudeley Castle

　　Opening houra.m 1.

　　Closing hour5p.m.

　　Cost for adults￡ 2.

　　Cost for Children￡3

　　Information about Snowshill Manor

　　Collection that children will like3.

　　Payment for visit￡ 4.

　　Close from(month)5.

　　[听力原文]

　　M: Good morning, Can I help you?

　　W: Yes, good morning, I’ve just got a few questions, I wonder if you can help me sort them out. M: I’ll see what I can do.

　　W: Can you tell me when Sudeley Castle, Sudeley? We want to go there this morning.

　　M: Yes,of course. Sudeley Castle, Sudeley, I think it’s open all day, someone asked me this a week or so ago. Here we are, I’ve got the guide, yes, it’s open from 11 in the morning until 5 in the afternoon, well not quite all day, but morning and afternoon.

　　W: Eleven to five, OK, that’s great. Er, can you tell me how much it costs to get in?

　　M: Yes, it costs ￡4.50 fot adults and ￡3.00 for children. It sounds a bit expensive but there’s a lot to do there. I think it’s worth the money.

　　W: OK, now another question: what exactly is Snowshill Manor? What can you see there?

　　M: Oh, it’s a museum, an absolutely fascinating collection of all sorts of things, like clocks and cabinets, and all kinds of swords and masks.

　　W: Masks? Well, the kids will like them. Do you pay to get into this museum?

　　M: Yes, you do, I think it’s about three pounds fifty.

　　W: Is it open this time of year?

　　M: Yes, it’s open until the end of September, so there are a few weeks before it closes.

　　W: Right, we’ll try it. Thank you very much for the information.

　　M: Enjoy your visit. Good-bye.

　　[Pause 00’30"]

　　W: Now you will hear the recording again.

　　[The recording is repeated.]

　　[Pause 00’20"]

　　W: That is the end of Part A.

　　导师精解：该小节所有考点都是细节题，如果能够听懂对话，不难得到正确答案。考生在放第二遍录音时，应注意检查一遍，防止答案混淆或者误听。

　　1. 11/eleven 2.4.50 3.masks 4.3.50 5.october

　　题型分析：PETS-4级考试大纲明确指出，PETS-4 听力测试的第一节为表格填空题。表格题主要测试考生听写的能力，考生做这类题目时，考生一定要注意题目所要求的字数限制为1个单词。表格中的空白一般为人名、地名、数字、国籍以及其它一些实义名词、动词和形容词等，而其他一些虚词，像a, the可以不计算入内，比如说a flower可以计算为一个词，但是a beautiful flower就是两个词了;而一些数字，比如电话号码(33433438)或者一个大数10，000,000(ten millions)都只是算作一个词;有时空白处要填入数字时，比如1991，有些考生执意要将答案写成nineteen ninety-one，也未尝不可，但是一定要将每个单词都拼写正确，否则得不到分。表格中有时会出现一些a.m.或者一些钱币的符号。这是命题者为了避免考生可能没有注意到字数的限制，而将听到的完整信息全部写了下来，会被视为错误而扣分而专门设计的，因此，在填充表格时一定要注意表格的格式以及字数限制。

　　听力考试的第二节考察考生理解具体或者总体信息的能力。考生根据听到的一段280-320词的独白或对话，补全考题中所给的句子或简要回答给出的问题。该小节录音材料将播放两遍。问题在提干中给出，不再在录音中播放。本小节一共五道题，播放录音前有25秒的答题时间，第一遍录音放完后有50秒答题时间，第二遍录音播放完后有30秒完成答案和检查答案时间。

　　本节考试中仍以细节题为主，考查考生对给定范围细节的定位和获取事实性具体信息的能力。出题点集中在时间、地点、天气、人物、数字、电话号码和价格等细节信息上。由于考题中已给出所要求细节内容，因此考生只需要听懂原文并进行合理定位即可。主题题型比较简单，考察能力也与第一节相似。相对第一小节来说，听力考试第二小节加入了考查考生把握全文总体信息能力的题型，如主观题，态度题，推断总结题等，因此加大了考试难度。要求考生对材料中涉及的细节内容以及材料中涉及的某个方面的具体内容进行总结和概括，比如某个事件发生的背景，某种条件等;要求考生对对话或者独白的主要内容，主要目的，讲话者的态度，立场能够做出一定推断。关键还是考生能不能在第一次听后能否对材料有个大概的理解。如果可以的话，则第二次就能有的放矢。在该段材料的题目设计中大都是特殊疑问句。题目多关于材料的细节、情节和主题等。有时也要求考生对材料所给予的线索做出推断。录音材料一般以记叙文为主，素材广泛。

　　经典例题：

　　Part B

　　Direction:

　　For Question 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. While you listen, complete the sentences and answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)

　　Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside the speaker’s home?6.

　　One reporter got to the speakers apartment pretending to pay7.

　　The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking8.

　　Where a correction to a false story is usually placed?9.

　　According to the speaker, the press will lose readers unless the editors and the news directors10.

　　[听力原文]

　　W: When I was getting divorced in 1975,reporters and cameramen were camped out for days in the lobby and on the sidewalk outside. They came from all over the country. Foreign reporters too. It was terrible. My neighbors could barely get in and out of the building. One reporter, who had been a friend of mine, got up to my apartment after persuading the doorman into believing that he was there on a personal visit. I wouldn’t let him in .He just wanted to talk, he said. I was certain that he had a camera and wanted a picture of me looking depressed. I just couldn’t believe this attempt to invade my privacy. TV is the worst. TV reporters present themselves as shavings the perfect right to be anywhere, to ask any question. It doesn’t matter how personal the matter may be. People don’t trust the press the way they used to. In most cases, stories are sensationalized in groups to attract more public attention. Some papers print things that simply are not true. In many papers, if a correction has to be made, it is usually buried among advertisements. I have received hundreds of letters from people asking me how do you know what is true in the press these days. I find it difficult to respond sometimes. I tell them that there are good newspapers and serious, responsible and honest reporters. Don’t judge all of us by the standards of the bad ones. Unless the guys at the top—the editors and the news directors-take firm action, pretty soon no one is going to believe anything they read in the papers of see on television news.

　　M: You now have 50 seconds to check your answers to Questions 6-10.

　　导师精解：

　　6.答案来自When I was getting divorced in 1975,reporters and cameramen were camped out for days in the lobby and on the sidewalk outside. cameramen/camera men此题考察考生对具体信息的掌握和单词记忆和掌握。答案来自在文章的开头，是听力考试中反复出现的出题点。同时考生应注意单复数拼写。

　　7.答案来自One reporter, who had been a friend of mine, got up to my apartment after persuading the doorman into believing that he was there on a personal visit.此题考察考生对具体信息的掌握。应抓住关键词“pretending to pay”等词，同时考察考生对短语pay a visit to的掌握。同时考生应注意题目要求可以填入不多于三个词。

　　8.答案来自I was certain that he had a camera and wanted a picture of me looking depressed.此题考察考生对具体信息的掌握和单词拼写掌握。注意depressed的拼法。同时考生应注意depressed和depressing的过去分词和现在分词的区别。

　　9.答案来自It is usually buried among advertisements.

　　among advertisements此题考察考生对具体信息的掌握和单词拼写的掌握。本题出现“where”这个词提示是对地点提问，因此应对涉及到地点的短语和介词特别注意。

　　10.答案来自Unless the guys at the top -the editors and the news directors-take firm action, pretty soon no one is going to believe anything they read in the papers of see on television news. 此题考察考生对具体信息的掌握。此题由于句子比较长又比较复杂因此难度比较大，但考生不要害怕，越是难句往往答案越简单，此处只要听懂全文就很容易写出答案。

　　题型分析：和第一节中全部是填充题不同，在第二节中，出现了简答题。这些简答题多为以what,how,when,where,who,why等特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句。因此，考生在注意时间、地点、价格、人物等特定信息的同时，还要对听力独白或者对话中出现的原因、背景、方式等具体信息进行加强记忆。由于题干中要求本部分的答案不能超过三个单词，因此，即使是在简单题中，答案也不能超过三个字。因此，要求考生具有提炼信息的能力。能够分辨出听力原文信息中的要害部分。