2019年全国英语等级考试三级阅读理解习题（10）

　　A euphemism (from the Greek words eu—well and pheme—speak) is a word or expression that is used when people want to find a polite or less direct way of talking about difficult or embarrassing topics like death or the bodily functions.Most people，for example，would find it very difficult to say in plain language that they have arranged for their sick old dog to be killed.They would soften the pain by saying：We had Ruby put down or We had Ruby put to sleep.Many people prefer to call someone plain than ugly，or cuddly rather than fat.

　　Euphemisms are an important part of every language，but it seems that English has an ever­growing number of them.The non­native speaker not only has to make sense of the euphemisms he hears，he also has to learn which euphemisms are appropriate in any particular situation.He might be aware that his American friend needs to use the toilet when she asks where the bathroom (or restroom，or comfort station) is，but he is less likely to guess that his English friend has the same need when he says he has to see a man about a dog.He might have learned，for example，that in the family way is a euphemism for pregnant.If，however，he says to his boss，“Congratulations!I hear your wife is in the family way，” he would be using an expression that is too familiar for the circumstances.

　　Schools are full of euphemisms.At Frankfurt International School，for example，the special lessons given to students who are having difficulties in their school subjects are called Study Center (in the middle school) and Academic Workshop (in the high school).Teachers rightly do not want to upset students or parents by being too frank or straightforward，and usually choose a softer word or expression to convey the same message.

　　小题1:According to the passage，people use euphemisms in order to________. A.make themselves understood

　　B.avoid embarrassment

　　C.to sound straightforward

　　D.attract attention

　　小题2:A person who is described as plain and cuddly is in fact________. A.tall and handsome　B.pretty and slim

　　C.ugly but tall　D.ugly and fat

　　小题3:When an English lady says she has to see a man about a dog，she might want to________. A.have her old dog killed　B.see an ugly friend

　　C.go to the toiletD.see a pregnant woman

　　小题4:The main purpose of Paragraph 2 is to________. A.stress that euphemisms are an important part of every language

　　B.inform readers that English has an ever­growing number of euphemisms

　　C.suggest non­native speakers use euphemisms as often as possible

　　D.warn English learners to be careful about the meaning and use of euphemisms

　　小题5:At Frankfurt International School，the students who receive lessons in Study Center________. A.have poor grades in the subjects

　　B.do well in school

　　C.work hard at their lessons

　　D.prefer to learn more

　　参考答案及解析

　　小题1:B

　　小题2:D

　　小题3:C

　　小题4:D

　　小题5:A

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了委婉语在英语中的广泛应用，并提醒英语学习者，要在沟通中注意委婉语的意思和用法，以免出现尴尬状况。

　　小题1:解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“A euphemism (from the Greek words eu—well and pheme—speak) is a word or expression that is used when people want to find a polite or less direct way of talking about difficult or embarrassing topics like death or the bodily functions.”可知，答案B“为了避免尴尬”符合文意。

　　答案：　B

　　小题2:解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Many people prefer to call someone plain than ugly，or cuddly rather than fat.”可知，答案D符合文意。

　　答案：　D

　　小题3:解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“He might be aware that his American friend n3eds to use the toilet when she asks where the bathroom (or restroom，or comfort station) is，but he is less likely to guess that his English friend has the same need when he says he has to see a man about a dog.”可知，答案C符合文意。

　　答案：　C

　　小题4:解析：　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“...not only has to make sense of the...also has to learn...in any particular situation.”及对第二段的整体理解可知，列举了英语中应用委婉语的不同情形，从而给英语学习者提醒：要在沟通中注意委婉语的意思和用法，以免出现尴尬状况。

　　答案：　D

　　小题5:解析：　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“At Frankfurt International School，for example，the special lessons given to students who are having difficulties in their school subjects are called Study Center (in the middle school) and Academic Workshop (in the high school).”可知，答案A符合文意。

　　答案：　A