2019年全国英语等级考试三级阅读理解习题（7）

　　Some animals will defend their territory by fighting with those who try to invade it.Fighting，however，is not often the best choice，since it uses up a large amount of energy，and can result in injury or even death.Most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.The songs of birds，the drumming of woodpeckers and the loud calls of monkeys are all warnings that carry for long distances，advertising to possible invaders that someone else’s territory is being approached.Many animals rely on smells to mark their territories or leaving droppings around the territories.Other animals will be warned off the territory without ever meeting with the territory’s defender.

　　Sometimes，these warnings may be ignored，and an invader may move accidentally into a neighboring territory，or two animals may meet near the border of their nearby territories.When the two animals meet，they will generally threaten each other with visual (视觉的) displays.These displays will often exaggerate an animal’s size by putting up feathers or fur，or will show off the animal’s weapons.The animals may go through all the behavior of fighting without ever actually touching each other.The displays are generally performed best near the center of an animal’s territory，where it is more likely to attack an invader and where retreating becomes more of a choice.

　　Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.Serious injury can result，and old or sick animals may die，leading to a more balanced population size.Under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.The study of social behaviors such as territoriality in animals may also help us to understand human society.

　　小题1:What topic is the passage mainly involved in? A.What animals’ territory is usually like.

　　B.How animals deal with different threats.

　　C.How animals defend their territory.

　　D.Where animal fights take place frequently.

　　小题2:For most animals，what’s their first response to the possible invaders to defend their territory? A.Fighting in groups.

　　B.Threatening and warning.

　　C.Escaping before being hurt.

　　D.Asking partners for help.

　　小题3:What does the underlined word “exaggerate” in the second paragraph mean? A.enlargeB.change

　　C.shake　D.shrink

　　小题4:An actual fight will happen when________. A.animals meet near the border of their territories

　　B.the invader enters the defender’s territories

　　C.the defender notices the invader smaller than itself

　　D.the living resources are limited in the territory

　　小题5:The last paragraph tells us that territoriality has an influence on the________of the animals. A.communicationB.condition

　　C.population　D.migration

　　参考答案及解析

　　小题1:C

　　小题2:B

　　小题3:A

　　小题4:D

　　小题5:C

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就动物如何保护自己的领地进行了介绍。

　　小题1:解析：　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要就“动物如何保护自己的领地”进行了介绍。

　　答案：　C

　　小题2:解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.”可知，答案选B。

　　答案：　B

　　小题3:解析：　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，当某种动物发现有其他的动物侵入自己的领地时，会通过视觉上的展示来恐吓对方。它们会竖起羽毛或皮毛，以使自己看起来更大、更强壮。因此exaggerate应为“扩大，增大”之意。

　　答案：　A

　　小题4:解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.”可知，当过度拥挤导致生存资源匮乏时，就有可能发生打斗。

　　答案：　D

　　小题5:解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.”可知，答案选C。

　　答案：　C