2018下半年pets3阅读理解试题及答案解析

　　Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.

　　Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.

　　Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.

　　Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of ensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.

　　小题1:The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.A.usually has a biological basis

　　B.varies among people

　　C.is socially and culturally shaped

　　D.influences one’s thinking and evaluation

　　小题2:What changes can be found in an angry brain?A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.

　　B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.

　　C.Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.

　　D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.

　　小题3:Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A.Approaching the source of anger.

　　B.Trying to control what is disliked.

　　C.Moving away from what is disliked.

　　D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.

　　小题4:What is the key message of the last paragraph?A.How anger differs from other emotions.

　　B.How anger relates to other emotions.

　　C.Behavioural responses to anger.

　　D.Behavioural patterns of anger.

　　参考答案及解析

　　小题1:C

　　小题2:B

　　小题3:A

　　小题4:D

　　试题分析：文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生气在人大脑的额叶前部区域出现不平衡的图案以及不同的生气形式。

　　小题1:C考查推理判断。根据文章第二段The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.可以判断“决斗”的例子证明了生气的表情是社会和文化形成的。故C正确。

　　小题2:B考查细节理解。根据文章第三段，尤其But when we are angry the EEG of right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balances …可以判断在生气的时候，大脑的额叶前部区域发现不平衡的图案。故B正确。

　　小题3:A考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.可知典型的攻击性的生气是主动接近令自己生气的人或处境。故A正确。

　　小题4:D考查主旨要义。文章最后一段主要说明了offensive anger和defensive anger两种不同的生气形式，故其关键信息是Behavioural patterns of anger。故D正确。