The cohesiveness(内聚力 ) of a family seems to rely on members sharing certain routine prac- tices and events. For a growing share of the American labor force, however, working shifts beyond the normal daylight hours——what we here call "shift work"——makes the lives of families difficult.

　　Existing re.search shows that both male and female shift workers express high levels of stress and a sense of conflict between the demands of work and family life. But shift work couples still maintain a traditional attitude to the meaning of marriage and the individual roles of husband and wife. They expressed a willingness to do "whatever it takes" to approximate their view of a proper marriage，in- cluding sacrificing sleep and doing conventional things at unconventional hours. For the majority of couples interviewed, even when wives worked outside their homes, a proper marriage is character- ized by a very clear division of roles: husbands are "providers" whose major responsibility is to sup- port the family ;wives arc "homemakers" who clean, cook, and care for husbands and children.

　　The women's definitions of a "good husband" are typified by the following wife’s response：

　　I expect him to be a good provider, and be there when I need him, loyal about the same things as he would expect out of me，expect that I expect him to dominate over me. But in a manner of speak- ing, wben it' s time to be a man I expect him to stand up instead of sitting back expecting me to do everything.To husbands，a good wife is someone who is：

　　Understanding of what I feel go through at work. I need that respect at work，I hope I get it al work. I want my wife to realize what I expect at work. I don' t want her to give me a lot of shil when I come home from work because I don’ t know if this makes much sense.

　　These views seemed critical to maintain the families of the shift workers.

　　31. Despite , shift work couples still hoped to maintain a stable life.

　　[ A ] traditional beliefs about marriage

　　[ B ] Jack of control over time

　　[ C ] a very clear division of roles

　　[ D ] the demands of work

　　32. From the selection, we can conclude that female shift workers were NOT satisfied with

　　[A] their work

　　[ B ] their children

　　[ C ] their husbands' inability to protect the family and provide companionship

　　[D] leisure activities

　　33. What is implied by the author?

　　[ A 1 Shift work had a direct effect on the attitudes and behavior of family members.

　　[ B ] Shift workers could live a normal life.

　　[ C] Shift work couples had unconventional ideas about marriage.

　　[ D ] Female shift workers were satisfied with the time spent together with their families.

　　34. In order to continue the marriages of the shift workers，

　　[ A] wives must learn to care for the children when their husbands are absent

　　[ B ] shift work couples must administer their time and activities

　　[ C ] wives mustn' t adapt their own feelings of boredom to their husbands’

　　[ D ] all of thesework

　　35. The best title for this paragraph is

　　[ A ] Constructing Family Life

　　[ B ] Managing Time and Activities

　　[ C ] The Meaning of Marriage

　　[ D ] Living a Normal Life