Relationship Banking

　　one of the more dissembles trends in the financial-service industry in recent times has been the adoption of programs designed to encourage more personalized relationships between an institution's employees and its clients, particularly those who are major depositors. The expression most commonly used to describe the type of program is "relationship banking." A good definition is provided in the 1985 book Marketing Financial Services:

　　In relationship banking the emphasis is on establishing a long-term, multiple-service relationship; on satisfying the totality of the client's financial need; on minimizing the need or desire of clients to splinter their financial business among various institutions.

　　Implicit within any definition of relationship banking is recognition that the financial-service requirements of one individual or relationship group. A successful relationship-banking program is, therefore, independent individual in a large part on the development of a series of financial-service "package," each designed to meet the needs of identifiably homogeneous groups.

　　Another dimension of relationship banking is the development of highly personalized relationships between employee and client. In most financial institutions today the client is serviced by any employee who happens to be free at the time, regardless of the nature of the transaction. personalized relationships are therefore difficult to establish. In a full relationship-banking program, however, the client knows there is one individual within the institution who has intimate knowledge of the client's requirements and preferences regarding complex transactions. over time, the client develops a high level of confidence in this employee. In short, a personalized relationship evolves between client and employee.

　　1. With what subject is the passage mainly concerned?

　　A. the decline of the financial-service industry

　　B. variety within financial services

　　C. a way making more personal

　　D. increasing everyday banking transaction

　　2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about relationship banking programs?

　　A. they have recently been discontinued

　　C. they will shortly used

　　D. they will be used in the distant future

　　3. What is the meaning of the word "institutions" in the first paragraph?

　　A. banks B. schools C. hospitals D. police stations

　　4. According to the definition of relationship banking quoted in the passage, one of the main aims of this type of banking is to encourage clients to _____.

　　A. consult with each other concerning their finances

　　B. keep all their business with a single bank

　　C. recognize their own banking

　　D. keep their financial requirement to a minimum

　　5. According to the passage, what is a necessary first step in instituting relationship banking?

　　A. resigning bank buildings.

　　B. hiring congenial staff who make clients welcome.

　　C. recognizing the needs of groups and individuals.

　　D. teaching bank employees to be more confident.