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2018年公共英语三级语法学习技巧:定语从句

来源 :华课网校 2018-04-27

2018年公共英语三级语法学习技巧:定语从句

  定语从句

  1. 定语从句又被称为形容词性从句或关系从句,其实质是修饰名词或代词的主谓结构,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

  2. 连接名词(代词)和定语从句的关联词称为关系词,有关系代词和关系副词,掌握定语从句的关键在于掌握关系词的用法。

  3. 定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句是主句意思不可缺少的部分,如果把它去掉,主句的意思便难以完整。非限定性定语从句只对作修饰的词作进一步的说明,它是一种插入语,旁白或注释,如果把它删去,主句的意思仍然完整。非限定性定语从句与先行用逗号隔开。

  例如:You may select the one which is most to your taste. (限定性定语从句)

  That man, whose work is important, has been a teacher.(非限定性定语从句)

  (一)由关系代词引导的定语从句

  经典考题

  1. The few points the president stressed in his report are very important.

  A) which B) who C) as D) where

  2. All is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.

  A) what is needed B) for our needs

  C) the thing needed D) that is needed

  考点分析

  1)能引导定语从句的关系代词有:who (whom ,whose )、which 和 that。其中,who ( whom, whose )指人,which 指物,that 既指人,也指物,例如:

  The woman who (that )is speaking at the meeting is a famous writer.

  The train which (that ) has just left is a new one.

  2) 注意关系代词that 的使用:当① 先行词前有限定词(all、any 、every、no等)、序数词、形容词最高级时;② 先行词本身是限定词或不定代词(nothing、 everything、anything等)时;③ 先行词是既指人又指物的并列名词时,必须使用关系代词that。如:I like the people and the places that I visited in Beijing last year.

  3) 关系代词除连接句子外,一般在从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

  答案:1. A 2.D

  (二) 由关系副词引导的定语从句

  经典考题

  1. The day will come soon China will become a modern, powerful, socialist country.

  A) when B) before C) since D) as

  2. The village I once worked has taken on a new look.

  A) which B) where C) when D) that

  考点分析

  1)能引导定语从句的关系副词有when(= at which )、where (= in which )和 why(= for which ),它们既可引导限定性定语从句,也可以用来引导非限定性定语从句,如:That is the reason why I did it.

  2) 关系副词引导的定语从句可以与其先行词分开,中间由谓语隔开,有的语法书称之为割裂修饰,其目的是为了求得句子的平衡。如:The time has come when ordinary people can use computers.

  3) 关系副词除连接定语从句外,一般在从句中作状语成分。

  答案:1. A2.B

  (三)带介词的定语从句

  经典考题

  1. We need a chairman .

  A) for whom everyone has confidence B) in whom everyone has confidence

  C) who everyone has confidence of D) whom everyone has confidence on

  考题分析

  引导定语从句的关系代词可以作介词的宾语,形成带介词的定语从句,这种结构有两种:

  1)从句由“介词+ which (表示事或物)或“介词+whom”(表示人)构成。

  如:The man to whom he is talking is our president.

  The school in which I studied is a famous university.

  2) 从句由“名词(或代词)+of + which(或whom)”构成。

  如:The citizens, most of whom were workers, welcomed the new law.

  Mt. Tai, the summit of which is hardly seen, is often covered with snow.

  答案:1. B

  解题要诀

  掌握常用介词的基本用法。

  掌握常用的动词、形容词与介词之间的固定搭配,这是解题的关键。

  (四)非限定性定语从句

  经典考题

  1. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, ____ of course, made the others jealous.

  A) who B) that C) what D) which

  考点分析

  能引导非限定性定语从句的关系词有:who (whom, whose ),which , as, where, when。而which 和as有时可用来表示整个句子。

  答案:1. D

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