2017年PETS三级听力心得技巧：虚拟语气题

　　虚拟语气题在听力中是重点题型，也是听力几种题型中比较难的一种，因为所有解题都得靠“听”来获取信息，一旦漏听或错听关键词，句子的难度就增大。听力中的虚拟语气题通常是 did 型虚拟式。

　　下面是常见的听力题中的虚拟形式：

　　1. 与过去情况相反的虚拟语气

　　If + had done; should/would/could/might + have done.

　　e.g. If you had worked hard, you would have got that chance.

　　If Tom had finished the task well, he might have got the honor.

　　2. 与现在情况相反的虚拟语气

　　If + did; would/could/might + 动词原形

　　e.g. If I were you, I would not accept the invitation.

　　If you worked hard, you would pass the exam.

　　3. 与将来情况相反的虚拟语气

　　If+did，should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形; should + 动词原形

　　e.g. If it rained, the sports meeting should be postponed.

　　What should we do if we should fail/were to fail/failed to fulfil the plan in time?

　　4. 倒装结构的虚拟语气

　　省略 if，将从句谓语部分的 were，had，should 放在句首，构成倒装结构。这种形式在听力题中挺常见，而且有一定的难度。

　　e.g. Could he lend us a helping hand, he would do so.

　　Had they started earlier, they could have reached the summit.

　　5. wish, if only, would that, as if 引导的虚拟语气

　　e.g. If only I knew him. ( = I wish I knew him.)

　　I wish I had started to study mathematics years ago.

　　6. 含蓄虚拟句

　　有些虚拟句，没有 if, wish 等词，而是利用某些特定的短语来表达虚拟的意思。如：

　　But for air and water, nothing could live.

　　I was away that day. Otherwise I would have attended the meeting.

　　Without your help, I would not finish the job.

　　7. 其他虚拟固定结构

　　1) It is (high) time that sb did sth. 该是做...的时候了。

　　It is high time that you left.

　　2) Would rather + did 宁愿做某事

　　e.g. I would rather you came tomorrow.

　　虚拟语气三个问题

　　一、虚拟语气的时态问题

　　例如：If I had a new dress, I would go to the party.

　　A. I didn't go to the party.

　　B. I need a new dress.

　　二、虚拟语气题型的听觉判断问题

　　只认时态，不认感觉

　　例如： If he is my friend, things will be different.

　　A. He is my friend.

　　B. He isn't my friend.

　　虚拟语气

　　1. 与过去相反 If + 主语 + had + 过去分词， 主语 + would + had + 过去分词

　　2. 与现在相反 If + 主语 + 过去式， 主语 + would + 动词原形

　　虚拟语气实例

　　1. If Robert had known that Jenny was to return,

　　2. If they know it would rain, they would have called off the game.

　　3. More people would have attended it, if it hadn't snowed.

　　4. If I'd brought my check book, I would have paid by check.

　　5. If the computer doesn't break down again, the data will be available to us soon.

　　6. Is it supposed to rain tomorrow? If you believe the weather forecast, we'd better bring our umbrella. 7. Registration ought to be easier than ever this year. Unless the computer breaks down.

　　三、虚拟语气答案标志问题

　　答案是反着给出

　　1. 用否定词，直接表示出实际情况

　　2. 没有直接的否定词出现，用虚拟语气结构间接的表示

　　典型错误

　　1. 对磁带上句子理解不准确，产生偏差，甚至是错误

　　2. 当有几个书面选项相近时，不能确定正确的答案

　　The replacement parts arrived in two months.

　　A. He replaced the part tow months ago.

　　B. The two new parts arrival last month.

　　C. The needed parts will arrival in tow months.

　　D. It took two months for the new part to come.

　　3. 不能理解正确的选项为何是正确的