2018全国英语等级考试二级阅读试题（13）

　　When several different people look at the same person，it's not unusual for each of them to see different things;when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times，you may see different things.The following are but some of the factors that lead to these changing perceptions(感知认可).

　　(1)Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education，and personal experiences.

　　(2)Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed.It is not necessarily true that person's perception is based on observations of a particular person.Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person;or you may focus (聚集)primarily on the situation or role relationship.Most people do not use the same yardstick(标准)to measure their parents，their friends and strangers.

　　(3)Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs，desires，or temporary emotional states.This is a process known as selective perception.Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的)information is particularly obvious，but it can be done.We can ignore(忽视)the “stimulus”.He's basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting.

　　We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information—All kids(孩子)get into mischief(顽皮).Taking a book from the bookstore isn't such a big deal.“We can change the meaning of the contradictory information.” It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.

　　小题1:The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is ________.A.the abilities of one's auditory (听觉的)and visual (视觉的)sensors

　　B.cultural background and personal experiences

　　C.experiences one learns from others

　　D.critical measures taken by other people

　　小题2:While observing a particular person，________.A.one is likely to take all aspects(方面)to consideration

　　B.one pays more attention to his/her advantages

　　C.children often differ from grown?ups in perception

　　D.one tends to choose certain cues(提示)to look for

　　小题3:Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because ________.A.their measuring yardsticks are not the same

　　B.either of them may be slow to catch information

　　C.the time for observation is not long enough

　　D.each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

　　参考答案及解析

　　小题1:B

　　小题2:D

　　小题3:A

　　小题1:答案　B　[事实细节题。第二段已明确给出答案。]

　　小题2:答案　D　[事实细节题。第三个factor中的第一句话说明了问题。]

　　小题3:答案　A　[事实细节题。由第二个factor 中的最后一句话可知。]