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2018全国英语等级考试二级语法资料:代词

来源 :华课网校 2018-07-11

2018全国英语等级考试二级语法资料:代词

  代词

  1.代词分类表:英语中代词有九类,用来指代名词或上、下文中的词,词组或句子。

 

#FormatImgID_0#数

人  

种        称

   类

单数

复数

1

人称

代词

主格

I

you

he

she

it

we

you

they

宾格

me

you

him

her

it

us

you

them

2

物主

代词

形容

词性

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

名词性

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

3

反身代词

myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

4

指示代词

this  that

these  those

5

不定代词

指代人

somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone

 

事物

something, anything, nothing, everything

 

指代人或物事

one, another, each, every, much, either, neither, little, a little

ones, others, the others, both,few, a few, many, several

some, any, no, all, other, the other, none, a lot(of), such

6

相互代词

each other, one another, each other’s,one another’s

7

疑问代词

who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)

8

连接代词

who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever)

9

关系代词

who, whom, whose, which, that, as

  2.人称代词用法表:

序号

作用

用法说明

例       句

1

作主语

用主格

Does he enjoy listening to music?

2

作表语

指主语用主格

Was it she who saw the white cat?

指宾语用宾格

I believe the writer to be him.

3

作宾语

用宾格

These books belong to them.

  注意:

  (1)代词并列时,排列顺序为“二,三,一”人称,如:“you,he and I”;“him and me”。

  (2)人称代词常在名词后,但“you”在名词前,如:“you, Tom and I”。

  (3)其他种类代词在“人称代词”后,如:“he and some others”。

  (4)口语中,宾格作表语,如:“It’s me.”。

  3.物主代词:

分  类

句法功能

例  句

形容词性物主代词

作定语

This is my pen.

名词性物主代词

作主语、表语、宾语

This bike is hers.

  注意:名词性物主代词可用于双重所有格中:

  She is a friend of mine.

  4.反身代词:

序号

 

在句中充当的成分

例    句

1

宾语

位于动词后

She could dress herself when she was six.

位于介词后

Take care of yourselves.

“宾语+and”后

She invited Mike and myself to the party.

2

表  语

He doesn’t seem himself today.

3

主语同位语

He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself.

宾语同位语

You can ask the president himself.

4

and之后

(Both)Mary and myself will go.

or之后

(Either)Mary or yourself will go.

nor之后

(Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it.

  注意:

  (1)反身代词不单独作主语。

  (2)oneself也是一个反身代词,用法与上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone.

  5.指示代词:“this,that,these,those”,可作名词用也可作形容词用。见下表:

 

在句中的成分

例    句

1

作主语

This is Smith.

2

作宾语

I like this.

3

作表语

His idea is this.

4

作形容词用

作定语

This way,please.

  6.不定代词:

用法

不定代词

例词或例句

说明

1

定语

接可数单数

every“每个的”,只作定语

every body

指三者或三者以上的“每个的”。

接可数复数

other

other boys

 

接三类名词

no

no people

no=not a/any

2

主语、表语、宾语

代单数(人)

someone,somebody

anyone,anybody

everyone,everybody

no one,nobody

Someone is waiting for Jack.

Is everyone here?

Is there anybody out?

someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建议等的疑问句中;

anyone,anybody用于否定条件句或疑问句中。

代单数(物)

something,anything

nothing,everything

Something is wrong with my bike.

something用于肯定句或表建议等的句子里;anything用于否定句或疑问句中。

代复数

(人/物)

others,the others

She likes to help others.

Where are the others?

the others其余的人/物。

 

none

None of us is afraid.

指三者或三者以上当中“没一个”。

3

既可作名词又可作形容词

主语、定语、表语、宾语

不可数

little,a little,much

There’s little time left.

little“几乎没有”,表否定。

可数复数

few,a few,many,several, both

Both my sisters are good.

few“几乎没有”表否定;both只用于两者“两者都”。

可数单数

one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”)

another,either,neither

Each student has a pencil.

either二者之中任一个;neither二者之中没一个。

接/代三类名词

all,some,any,such,the other

He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher.

some用于肯定句或表建议的句中;any用于否定、疑问句或条件句中。

可数复数或不可数

lots of, a lot of, a lot

He has lots of/a lot of friends.

He has a lot to say.

 

  注意:

  (1)both(二者都)和all(三者或以上都)可以作同位语,位于助动词,系动词或情态动词后,行为动词之前。

  The boys are all in the classroom.

  Both(of)my brothers like sports.

  (2)every other+可数名词单数:指“每隔一…”。

  They go to play basketball every other day.

  (3)no/any/every/some与one/body构成的复合词指人,不用于of前。

  (4)all/both/every及其复合词与否定词连用时,表部分否定。相应的全否定为none/neither/no one/nobody/nothing等。

  Not all of us are teachers=All of us are not teachers.

  None of us are students.

  (5)“another+数词+名词复数”表示“再来(数词)…”。

  Another two coffees,please.

  (6)the other+单数可数名词或不可数名词或复数可数名词表示“其余的/所有剩下的…”。

  The other boys are playing on the playground.

  the other后不接任何词时,指“二者中的另一个。”

  I have two skirts. One is red. The other is blue and white stripes.

  7.疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。

在句中成分

例句

主语

Who did it?

宾语

What are you doing?

定语

Whose bike is it?

补语

What do you call it in Japanese?

表语

Whose is this book?

  小编推荐2018年公共英语二级语法知识汇总

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