公共英语

导航

2017年9月公共英语考试一级语法知识讲义(6)

来源 :华课网校 2017-06-08

  2.比较级的用法

  ① 对方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如: This picture is more beautiful than that one.

  ② 表示一方不及另一方时,用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。

  如: This room is less beautiful than that one.

  ③ 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如: He works even harder than before.

  注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出,一般不可有“更”。如:

  She is better than she was yesterday.   Please come earlier tomorrow.

  另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。如:

  He is taller by far than his brother.

  He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

  ④ 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语),the + 比较级(主语 + 谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。如:

  The harder he works, the happier he feels.

  ⑤ 不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如:

  The weather is getting colder and colder.

  The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

  ⑥ 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。

  He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.

  ⑦ 在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。

  The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.

  A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

  ⑧ 倍数表达法。

  (A)A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

  如:The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

  (B)A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

  如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.

  (C)A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

  如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.

  用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.

  3.最高级的用法

  ①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如:

  Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

  He works(the)hardest in his class.

  ②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如:

  This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.

  How much did the second most expensive hat cost?

  ③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、extreme、perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。

  ④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如:

  He is the tallest(boy)in his class.

  ⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如:

  Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.

分享到

您可能感兴趣的文章