C 1 2 3 45 E

　　Sample Two:1. A 2. F 3. G 4. B 5. D

　　分析

　　注意本文的逻辑顺序是首先指出中西文化存在很大差异，然后举例，接着再进一步举例。

　　译文

　　一整套语言就是一种世界观的认知模式。所以你学到一种崭新的语言，等于学到一种崭新的看待世界的方式。语言文字常常酝酿、蕴含着重要的价值观，总以某种方式控制着我们的命运。怎么样破除语言文字带来的障碍就意味着你破除你自己的命运的枷锁。

　　中西方文化有很多方面在极性上是相反的，共通之处容易沟通，怎样填平差别则往往非常棘手，甚而至于根本就不可能。

　　没把这个问题搞清楚以前，在讨论所谓中体西用或西体中用之类课题时往往会走上歧途，或者容易走向极端。

　　从一些简单的实际语言运用中，即可看出中西文化价值观的巨大差别。如英语代词中只有“我”是大写的，大写就是一种强调，大写的我，无疑强调了这种以个体为中心的价值观念及由此而延伸出的自立、自强或自私、自重的意义。

　　传统中国人以“在下、鄙人、不才、贱人、奴婢”等自称，即是皇帝也自称“寡人”或“孤”，体现克己、自律、尊重他人的心态。

　　又如，中西方之收信人姓名地址的排列顺序正好相反，这多少可以体现出：中国人重整体，重集体，其考虑问题的思维模式更多地倾向于由大到小，从宏观到微观。而西方人则较容易倾向重局部、重个人、由小到大，从微观到宏观。中国人表述姓名时，置姓于名前，表示尊祖。西方人则一定倒过来，表示自尊。

　　我在海关按中国人姓名顺序习惯填写出入境单时，常被外国人毫不犹豫地、“善意地 ”改过来，为此我总要与之争辩、斗争、直至改回来。现在很多的中国人在用外语介绍自己时，通常理所当然地认同西方的习惯。可外国人却未必认同中国的习惯。文化冲突的潜在根源就是这类东西：误解和偏见。

　　Sample Three

　　Sample Three

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a text about animation, followed by a list of explanations. Choose the best explanation from the list AF for each numbered subheading (15). There is one extra explanation which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Animation is a kind of motion pictures created by recording a series of still images—of drawings, objects, or people in various positions of incremental movement—that when played back no longer appear individually as static images but combine to produce the illusion of unbroken motion. The term animation applies to creations on film, video, or computers, and even to motion toys, which usually consist of a series of drawings or photographs on paper that are viewed with a mechanical device or by flipping through a handheld sequence of images.

　　(1) Techniques

　　There are many ways to create animation, depending on whether the materials used are flat (such as drawings, paintings, or cutout pieces of paper) or dimensional (such as clay, puppets, household objects, or even people).

　　(2) Production process

　　After choosing an idea for a film, an animator must think about a concept in terms of individual actions.

　　(3) History

　　Animation has been a part of cinema history from the time the first motion pictures were made in the late 1800s.

　　() Walt Disney

　　The company’s founder, Walt Disney, was born in Chicago, but grew up in Kansas City, Missouri, where he met animator Ub Iwerks and composer Carl Stalling, who were to be important to his future success.

　　(5) Japanese animation

　　Japanese animation, known as anime, blossomed after World War II ended in 195 and today is immensely popular both within Japan and worldwide.

　　Current trends

　　Two trends in the animation industry are likely to have a profound influence on its future: a significant increase in production and exhibition opportunities, and the growing importance of new technologies.

　　[A] Some early liveaction films, known as trick films, used the animation technique of stop action, whereby the camera is stopped and an object is removed or added to a shot before filming is resumed.

　　[B] Disney (with his thenpartner Iwerks) created a character that was to become the most famous animated figure in history: Mickey Mouse.

　　[C] Aside from television, perhaps the largest influence on the style of recent animation worldwide has come from computer technologies. Experiments with electronic animation began in the 1930s, but it was not until the late 1970s that computer animation became viable beyond scientific and government applications, particularly for use by the entertainment industry.

　　[D] In each case, an animator must keep in mind the basic principle of frames per second (the number of images needed to produce one second of film). Because sound film runs at twentyfour frames per second, a film animator must make twentyfour images for each second of animation that he or she wishes to create.

　　[E] The most important figure in Japanese animation, Osamu Tezuka, created in 1963 the first animated madefortelevision series in Japan, “Tetsuwan Atom” (Astro Boy).

　　[F] For instance, if an animator decides on an action that will take 3 seconds of animation to complete, the animator will have to create images to fill 72 frames of film (3 seconds of movement multiplied by a running speed of 2 frames per second).

　　Sample Three:

　　1. D 2. F 3. A . B 5. E

　　分析

　　本篇从技术、制作过程、历史、迪斯尼和日本动画五个方面介绍了动画。注意每个正确的选项都有与标题相对应的文字。

　　译文

　　动画是一系列的静止的图像的集合，这些图像可以是图画、实物和运动中的人。动画在连续播放时不再是静止的，而会造成不间断的错觉。动画这个词汇包括电影、录像和电脑等方面的创作，甚至还包括活动玩具。它通常是一系列通过机器设备观看的图纸上图画或照片，或是用手翻动的一系列图像。

　　技术

　　制作动画的方法有很多种，这取决于材料是平面的(例如，图画、剪下的纸)还是立体的(例如，粘土、木偶、家庭用品或者甚至是人)。在任何情况下，动画制作者都需要记住每秒的图片数。由于有声电影每秒2帧画面，电影动画制作人必须为每一秒的动画制作2幅图像。

　　制作过程

　　在选取了一个主题之后，动画制作人必须考虑好每一个画面。比如，一个制作人决定要有一个3秒的动画，制作人需要制作72帧图像(每秒2帧乘以3秒)。

　　历史

　　在19世纪晚期电影刚出现时，动画就成为了电影史上的一部分。一些早期的直接取景于大自然或以真人表演摄制的电影就使用了止动动画技术，也就是停止摄影机，在重新摄影之前将物品移开或移入镜头。

　　沃尔特迪斯尼

　　公司的创立者沃尔特迪斯尼出生于芝加哥，但在密苏里州的堪萨斯城长大。他在那里遇到了动画制作人Ub Iwerks和作曲家Carl Stalling，这两位对他将来的成功有很大的影响。迪斯尼(与他当时的合作人Iwerks一起)创造了历史上最著名的动画人物：米老鼠。

　　日本动画

　　日本动画在195年第二次世界大战结束后蓬勃发展，现在它在日本和全世界都很受欢迎。日本动画业最重要的人物是手冢治虫。他在1963年创造了日本第一部动画连续剧“铁臂阿童木”。

　　当今趋势

　　动画业的两种趋势可能对其未来发展产生重大影响：生产和展示的机会显著增加以及新技术的使用越来越重要。