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2019MBA考试英语备考练习题及答案详解(3)

来源 :中华考试网 2018-02-13

  Directions:

  You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (1-5). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

  [A] Physical Changes

  [B] Low Self-Esteem

  [C] Emerging Independence and Search for Identity

  [D] Emotional Turbulence

  [E] Interest in the Opposite Sex

  [F] Peer Pressure and Conformity

  The transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence — typically between the ages of 9 and 13 — and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are:

  (1) __________

  A child’s self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they’re not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent.

  (2) __________

  Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite — loud and angry — in an effort to compensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.

  (3) __________

  Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears become more frightening, pleasures become more exciting, irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness.

  () __________

  There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.

  (5) __________

  Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up — and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process. Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.

  Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.

  答案

  1.B 2.A 3.D 4 .F 5.C

  总体分析

  本文是介绍青春期变化的说明文,共七个段落,可以分成三个部分。

  第一段:指出青春期的变化带来的苦恼和恐惧可以通过交流和提前准备得以消除。

  第二段至第六段:分别论述青春期出现的问题。

  第七段:再次重申第一段的观点,即了解问题和交流能有助于这个时期的平稳过渡。

  试题精解

  (一)审题,读主题词。

  虽然几乎每个标题配对题的题目表述几乎一致,但题目中唯一不同之处就是主题词的所在。比如,本题中的主题词是preparing for change(为变化做好准备),由此考生可以预测文章的内容应包括变化是什么、如何做准备等。

  (二)查找选项中的关键词或段落主题句中的关键词,并匹配选项与段落

  实现这个步骤有两种方法:一是先将所有选项都审完,标记出选项中的关键词,再回到原文中去寻找相对应的段落。二是先通过浏览段落主题句,标记出每段的关键词,再到所提供的备选项中寻找对应项。首先推荐第一种方法,因为题目给出的选项中有较大的逻辑联系,可以通过阅读它们将文章大概思路和内容整理出来。

  在做这一步时,要小心陷阱。备选项中总会有几个选项的内容能够在段落找到文字上完全相同的对应。这些能够与原文对应的选项有时只是某个段落中提到的一个细节内容,而我们需要做的是找到段落的主旨。记住:光提到是不够的,关键要与主题对应。

  本文中选项及其翻译如下,其中关键词用黑体显示:

  [A] Physical Changes 身体变化

  [B] Low Self-Esteem自卑

  [C] Emerging Independence and Search for Identity开始出现的独立和寻求认同的倾向

  [D] Emotional Turbulence情感波动

  [E] Interest in the Opposite Sex对异性的兴趣

  [F] Peer Pressure and Conformity同辈人的压力和从众心理

  概括这些选项的内容可以推测出文章的主要话题是青春期的变化及如何为这些变化做准备。

  接下来主要是概括各段落的主旨,特别注意各段的主题句。

  第一段先论述过渡到成年期是很艰难的,倒数第二句(该段的主题句)指出通过开放性交流和在变化来临前作好准备就能消除(青春期的)恐惧和焦虑情绪。末句是过渡句,主要作用是引出下面的内容。

  1.第1题所在段落即第二段的主题句是第一句,即青春期孩子的自我价值感特别脆弱。后面的内容具体论述其表现。主题句中的关键词是self-worth,它与[B]项中的self-esteem是同义词。该段中的其他关键词或表达,如nobody likes them,not as good,failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent正好可以用[B]项low self-esteem一并概括。

  2. 第三段第一句(主题句)提到,学龄儿童中普遍存在着某种形式的对自己身体的不满。接着,该段论述了这种不满的两种极端表现:过分羞涩和异常愤怒。最后两句话补充到,晚熟(即不和同龄人同时经历身体变化)会造成自卑感和呆板。因此该段的关键词是bodily dissatisfaction和bodily changes。对应的选项是[A]项physical changes。这一题的干扰在于段落中出现了self-consciousness,inferiority,而它们和[B]项是同义表达。但是考生应记住一个重要的原则;一定要与主题句、主题词对应。第三段中虽然出现了表示“自卑”含义的词语,但整个段落的主旨内容是说明青少年对自己身体变化的不满,提到“自卑”是论述这些变化引起的后果。

  3. 第四段首句(主题句)提到,青春期的年青人对一切的感觉都更强烈。接着文章论述了这种强烈情感的表现:恐惧、兴奋、苦恼、无法忍受、异常沮丧乃至从事自我毁灭行为。最后文章指出父母从孩子态度和行为上的转变应获悉他们需要专业人员的帮助。主题句中的主题词是feel more strongly,它和[D]项中emotional turbulence对应。而该段中其他的关键词fears,frightening,pleasures,exciting,irritations,distressing,frustrations等显然都和[D]项中的emotional属于上下义的关系。

  . 第五段共两句话。首句(主题句)指出,巨大的压力促使着青少年去符合同辈人的标准。第二句则分析这种压力带来的后果。该段主题句中出现了[F]项的关键词pressure和conformity,而且该段也主要围绕从众心理给青少年带来的压力展开论述,因此[F]项正确。

  5. 第六段没有出现明显的主题句,需要对段落内容进行概括。该段首句提到,青春期标志着一个不断独立的时期。接着,文章从青少年和父母的冲突角度阐述“独立”的含义。该段第三句提到,青春期的另一个必然的经历是对价值观和信念的困惑。接着指出这种经历有利于青少年形成自己完整的人格。该段的主题词包括:increasing independence,embrace their own beliefs,a sense of integrity。它们和[C]项中的关键词independence和identity相对应。整个段落也围绕青少年的独立和寻求认同展开论述。

  核心词汇与超纲词汇

  (1)turbulence (n.)骚乱,动荡;turbulent(a.)动荡的,混乱的,如~career in politics(动荡的政治生涯)

  (2)conformity(n.)(对社会规则的)遵从,遵守;一致,符合;conform(v.)

  (3)overwhelming(a.)巨大的,压倒性的,无法抵抗的;an ~ sense of relief如释重负的感觉

  ()withdrawal(n.)收回,撤退,取消,退隐;withdraw(v.)

  (5)reclusiveness(n.)隐居,喜欢独处

  (6)integrity(n.)正直,诚实;完整,完全

  全文翻译

  过渡到成年期是很艰难的。快速的身体增长始于早期青春期,特别是9至13岁间,这时思想过程开始呈现出成人的特点。许多年青人发现这些变化很让人苦恼,因为他们没有完全明白在自己身上发生了什么。仅通过开放性交流和在变化来临前作好准备就能消除这种恐惧和焦虑情绪。在青春期出现的主要问题是:

  自卑

  青春期孩子的自我价值感特别脆弱。青少年常常挣扎于一种不被人喜欢的强烈的感觉中,认为自己没有其他人好,认为自己是失败者,丑陋而愚钝。

  身体变化

  学龄(8-12岁)儿童中普遍存在着某种形式的对自己身体的不满。如果这种不满很强烈,就会导致他们变得羞涩或者很容易感到局促不安。在其他情况下,青少年的行为也可能正好相反,即用高声和愤怒来努力掩盖自我意识和自卑感。和这些身体变化一样令人担忧的是,青少年发现不和同龄人同时经历这些变化也让他们感到苦恼。晚熟会造成自卑感和呆板。

  情感波动

  青春期的年青人对一切的感觉都更强烈。害怕成了恐惧,快乐成了兴奋,生气成了苦恼,挫折变得无法忍受。青春期的每一次经历似乎都被夸大了。年青人处于艰难的青春期时,会变得异常沮丧或者从事自毁的行为。青少年需要专业人员帮助的暗示常常首先来自于他们的态度和行为上发生了根本改变。父母应该警惕以下个性转变的警示,它们暗示着青少年需要帮助。这些警示包括:不断缺课、分数直线下降、使用酒精和非法物品、敌视或危险行为、特别畏缩和隔离。

  同辈人的压力和从众心理

  巨大的压力促使着青少年去符合同辈人的标准。从众的压力可能很危险因为它不只适用于服饰和发型,也会导致青少年做一些他们明知道是错误的事情。

  开始出现的独立和寻求认同的倾向

  青春期标志着一个不断独立的时期,它常常导致青少年和父母之间的冲突。这种紧张情绪是成长必然经历的一部分,对父母而言,则是放手必然经历的过程。青春期的另一个必然的经历是对价值观和信念的困惑。这段质疑时期很重要,因为年青人审视他们被灌输的价值观,并开始形成自己的信念。虽然他们可能采用和父母同样的信念,但通过自己来发现这些信念使这些年青人能够形成一种完整的人格。

  虽然青春期给年青人和他们的父母都提出了挑战,但是提高意识和交流能有助于为平稳过渡到这个令人兴奋的人生阶段作好准备。

  干扰项[E]:对异性的兴趣

  之八

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