非谓语动词(短语)作动词宾语

　　1. 要求动词+-ing作宾语的动词

　　有些动词只要求动词+-ing作宾语, 这类动词有:admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, prevent, quit, regret, require, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest, understand, can’t help (couldn’t help), stand 等, 例如:

　　I couldn’t help feeling proud of our country.

　　Someone suggested organizing an outing to the Western Hills.

　　I suggest our going to the park on Sunday.我建议我们星期天去公园。

　　It has stopped raining.雨停了。

　　They risked losing their jobs.他们冒着失去工作的风险。

　　The roof requires repairing.屋顶需要修理了。

　　I believe you will regret leaving Paris.我相信你会为离开巴黎而后悔的。

　　He has quit smoking.他已戒了烟。

　　They postponed sending an answer to a request.他们耽搁了对一项请求的答覆。

　　The child kept asking me questions.这孩子老是问我问题。

　　She missed going to the party on Saturday.星期六她没能出席聚会。

　　Would you mind switching the television to channel 8?请把电视转到八频道好吗?

　　Your wish to go for a walk does not justify your leaving the baby alone in the house. 你想出去散步并不证明将婴儿独自留在屋中是对的。

　　Can you imagine her becoming a pilot? 你能想象她成了飞行员吗?

　　I haven’t finished reading the book yet.我还没读完这本书。

　　Fancy sitting in the sun all day!想一想整天坐在太阳底下的滋味吧!

　　We were lucky to escape being punished.我们很幸运,没有受罚。

　　I enjoyed reading these books very much.我很喜欢读这些书。

　　I cannot endure being disturbed in my work. 我不能忍受在工作的时候受人干扰。

　　He denied having seen these watches before.他否认曾经见过这些手表。

　　Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished. 我们的老师不容许欺骗行为不受到惩罚。

　　We’re considering moving to Seattle.我们考虑搬往西雅图。

　　They all avoided mentioning that name.他们都避免提及那名字。

　　He anticipated his deriving much instruction from the lecture. 他期望从这次演讲中得到很多教益。

　　I admitted breaking the window.我承认打破了窗子。

　　I advised against their doing it. 我劝他们不要做这件事。

　　He advocates reforming the prison system.他主张改良监狱制度。

　　某些动词词组也要求动词+-ing作宾语, 例如: give up, leave off, put off (注: 这些动词短语均为动词+副词结构)以及amound to, be accustomed to, be used to, be opposed to, devote to, feel like,look forward to, object to, resort to(依靠、求助于), submit to(屈服于) 等。例如:

　　Mr. Smith gave up smoking according to his doctor’s advice.

　　Do you feel like having a walk with us in the woods by the sea?

　　Some people in the rich world are opposed to doing business with poor countries.

　　有时在形容词后面也要求用动词+-ing, 例如: busy, worth, worthwhile等。例如:

　　Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?

　　I am busy writing a novel.我正忙于写小说。

　　That novel is not worth reading.那部小说不值得一读。

　　还有在Point, trouble, difficulty 等名词后, 也用动词+-ing。例如:

　　There is not much point (in) thinking about it.

　　There is no point in complaining. They can’t do anything to help you.抱怨于事无补;他们没办法帮助你。

　　American businessmen have difficulty (in) understanding their Japanese counterparts.

　　I had a little trouble learning English grammar.我学英文语法有过一点困难。

　　注: 在 it’s no use, it’s not much use, it’s no good 后要求用动词+-ing。但是在it is of no use 后则要用动词不定式。例如:

　　It’s no use crying about it. You must do something.

　　It’s no good writing to him; he never answers letters.

　　It’s of no use to cry over spilt milk.

　　2. 要求动词不定式作宾语的动词

　　有些动词后面可以跟动词不定式, 这类动词有: afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, assist, attempt, (can’t) bear, beg, begin, bother, care cease, choose, claim, continue, dare, decide, demand, deserve, desire, determine, dislike, endeavour, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose,refuse, regret, remember, require, seek, start, strive, swear, tend, think, threaten, try, undertake, want, wish 等。例如:

　　Don’t hesitate to ask me questions if you don’t understand.

　　He endeavored to adopt a positive but realistic attitude to the issue.

　　He endeavored to streamline the plant organization.他努力使工厂组织简化而更有效地运作

　　Philip politely pretended not to have heard this remark.

　　3. 在有些动词后面既可以跟动词+-ing, 也可以跟动词不定式这类动词有: attempt, (can’t)bear, begin, cease, continue, deserve, dislike, dread, ear,forget, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, plan, prefer, propose, regret,remember, require, start, try, want 等。

　　在有些动词后面, 两种结构之间的意义差别不大。例如:

　　He prefers writing (to write) an outline before he writes a summary.

　　He had really intended staying (to stay) longer.

　　但在某些动词之后, 两种结构之间的意义差别较明显:

　　We must try to solve this problem.我们必须设法解决这个问题。

　　We can try solving this problem in other ways.我们可以试用另一些方法来解决这一问题。

　　I must remember to pay you for the ticket.我一定要记住把电影票的钱支付给你。

　　I don’t remembe paying you for the tickets.我不记得已把电影票的钱支付给你了。

　　这类词还有forget, mean, regret等。

　　demand, deserve, need, require, want 等词既可以要求动词+-ing作宾语, 也可以要求动词不定式的被动式作宾语。例如:

　　John’s house in the country wants painting.

　　John’s house in the country wants to be painted.

　　这两种结构意义相同。

　　还有像go on, stop 这类动词如果后接动词+-ing 则表示继续(做某事)或停止(做某事); 而如果后接动词不定式则表示前面一个动作已结束或停止, 继之做另一个动作。例如:

　　The robot first reads the engineering drawing and then goes on to

　　assemble the parts

　　机器人首先阅读工程图纸, 然后根据图约安装零部件。

　　Some students went on working on their examination when the bell rang.

　　当铃声响的时候, 一些学生还在继续做考试题。