语 态

　　被动语态常用于下列几种情况:

　　一、动作的执行者无需指出或不明确时

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China.

　　Rome was not built in a day.

　　二、为了强调动作的承受者

　　Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack.

　　Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.

　　三、为了修辞的需要

　　He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.

　　Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.

　　[提示]

　　1. 除及物动词外, 一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可作用被动态形式, 除个别情况外, 短语动词一般不拆开使用。

　　This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.(短语)

　　2. 不及物动词(或相当于一个不及物动词的短语动词)和表示状态的动词(或短语动词)无被动态形式, 如happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等; 以及lack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of, look like等。

　　The story took place in 1949.

　　3. 将主动态形式改为被动态形式时如遇到动词后跟双宾语的情况, 我们只能将其中之一变成主语, 另一个保持不变。当直接宾语变成主语时, 保持在原位的间接宾语前需加介词to。

　　I gave my husband a tie as a birthday present.

　　→My husband was given a tie as a birthday present.

　　→A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.