RHCE7认证学习笔记:使用ACLs控制文件权限
一、ACLs对文件的访问权限进行精细化控制
ACL可以对特定用户和组进行权限设置;
getfacl查看文件的ACL
setfacl修改用户对文件的访问权限:
[root@linuxidc tmp]# setfacl -m u:RedHat:r-x a1
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl a1
# file: a1
# owner: root
# group: root
user::-wx
user:redhat:r-x
group::-w-
mask::rwx
other::--x
取消用户的访问权限:
[root@linuxidc tmp]# setfacl -x u:redhat a1
setfacl如果不指明用户,则默认为对用户设权限,不针对任何用户:
设置mask值,可以屏蔽所有已经设置ACL的用户的权限,只需要重新给用户设置ACL,mask权限即可取消:
[tom@linuxidc tmp]$ setfacl -m m::r a1
setfacl: a1: Operation not permitted
[root@linuxidc tmp]# setfacl -m m::r a1
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl a1
# file: a1
# owner: root
# group: root
user::-wx
group::-w-#effective:---
mask::r--
other::--x
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl passwd
# file: passwd
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rwx
user:tom:rwx#effective:r-x
group::r--
mask::r-x
other::r-x
[root@linuxidc tmp]# setfacl -m u:tom:rwx passwd
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl
Usage: getfacl [-aceEsRLPtpndvh] file ...
Try `getfacl --help' for more information.
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl passwd
# file: passwd
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rwx
user:tom:rwx
group::r--
mask::rwx
other::r-x
给组设置ACL:
[root@linuxidc tmp]# setfacl -m g:redhat:rwx passwd
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl passwd
# file: passwd
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
group::r--
group:redhat:rwx
mask::rwx
other::r--
给other设置ACL:
[root@linuxidc tmp]# setfacl -m o::r-x passwd
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl passwd
# file: passwd
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
group::r--
group:redhat:rwx
mask::rwx
other::r-x
让用户在目录中新创建的文件都有默认的权限:
[root@linuxidc tmp]# setfacl -m d:u:redhat:rwx xx/
[root@linuxidc tmp]# cd xx
[root@linuxidc xx]# touch cc
[root@linuxidc xx]# getfacl cc
# file: cc
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
user:redhat:rwx#effective:rw-
group::r-x#effective:r--
mask::rw-
other::r--
取消目录默认的权限:
[root@linuxidc tmp]# setfacl -x d:u:redhat xx/
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl xx/
# file: xx/
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rwx
group::r-x
other::r-x
default:user::rwx
default:group::r-x
default:mask::r-x
default:other::r-x
将某个文件ACL的权限复制给其他文件:
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl passwd | setfacl --set-file=- ens38
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl ens38
# file: ens38
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
group::r--
group:redhat:rwx
mask::rwx
other::r-x
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl passwd
# file: passwd
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
group::r--
group:redhat:rwx
mask::rwx
other::r-x
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl setuid.txt
# file: setuid.txt
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rw-
group::r--
other::r--
-M 选项可以接受标准输入,但是选项后面要加上-
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl passwd | setfacl -M- setuid.txt
[root@linuxidc tmp]# getfacl setuid.txt
# file: setuid.txt
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rwx
user:tom:rwx
group::r--
mask::rwx
other::r-x
-
-b选项可删除文件所有扩展的ACL权限:
[root@linuxidc tmp]# setfacl -b passwd
EXAMPLES
Granting an additional user read access
setfacl -m u:lisa:r file
Revoking write access from all groups and all named users (using the effective rights mask)
setfacl -m m::rx file
Removing a named group entry from a file's ACL
setfacl -x g:staff file
Copying the ACL of one file to another
getfacl file1 | setfacl --set-file=- file2
Copying the access ACL into the Default ACL
getfacl --access dir | setfacl -d -M- dir